Footing

 A concrete support under a foundation that rests in

solid ground and is wider than
the structure supported. Footings distribute the weight
of the structure over the ground.
 The lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically
below ground level is called footing.
Strip Footing
 A continuous strip of
concrete under a
continuous wall carrying a
uniformly distributed load.
 Footing spread is usually
provided.
Strip Footing
Footing spread (150mm on each side) is usually
provided:
 To facilitate bricklayer a “working space” for building
the lower courses of walls.
 To provide “stability” to the load-bearing walls before
it is tie down by floors and roof.
 To provide “working space” for the hand excavation
operation in deeper trench excavation
 Wide
Strip
Footing

Inverted
Stepped Strip “T” Beam
Strip
Footing Strip
Footing
Footing

Deep Strip
Footing
Wide Strip Footing
 Use in a situation where
the load bearing capacity
of the soil is low (e.g. soft
clay silt, made ground).
 Site which may be
subjected to “unequal
settlement” (mining
areas), or where the
subsoil is “not uniform” in
character.
Inverted “T” Beam Strip Footing
 Use in a situation where
there is a danger of the
foundation failing as a beam
in the longitudinal direction
Deep Strip Footing
 A deep strip footing is a narrow
footing which is used for normal
soil and normal loads and is
made 0.9m deep.
Deep Strip Footing
In a deep, narrow trench
• Excavation by hand is
not possible.
• Brickwork cannot be
built up from the
bottom.
• Excavation by
mechanical means is
possible.
Stepped Strip Footing
 A stepped strip foundation
is often used on a sloping
site where the steps allow
the foundation to follow
the slope without too much
excavation, when compared
with excavations and
retaining walls.
 Cement

Water Reinforcement

Footing
Materials

Admixtures Aggregates
 Rebars
Clearing bent, tied Stump
the site. and placed reinforcements
inside the are erected.
formwork.

Excavation
commences
from the Spacer Provide
reduce level, blocks are addition ties
down to to formwork.
placed.
desired level.

Concrete
Lay a layer of Build the will set
lean formwork and
supported by and
concrete. curing.
other wood.
Advantage Disadvantage

Ability to withstand Not suitable for every

great loads. soil type.

You have to fill all the lot

in one go, but preparing
Easy to build. such an amount of
concrete on your own is
quite problematic.

There is quite a decent

amount of work on
Very long service life. running the concrete, so
you can’t do without
help.
Pile
 Piles are an essential part of the
construction industry.
 They’re used to provide much
needed support to both
permanent and temporary
installations, including buildings,
bridges and industrial structures.
 Because of their usefulness and
ease of use, piles have become a
fairly common sight both within
and outside of the construction
industry.
Displacement Pile
 Performed without soil removal, thanks to drilling
tools that displace the soil laterally toward the bore
walls.
 On completion of boring operation, the drilling string
and the tool are extracted while concrete is poured
throughout the internal hollow pipe.
 The steel reinforcement cage is finally lowered into the
fresh concrete.
 De Waal
Pile

Berkel
Displacement Fundex
(APGD)
Pile Pile
Pile

Omega
Pile
De Waal Pile
 Ability to withstand great loads.
 Easy to build, no special training requirements for
personnel.
 Very long service life.
 They have subtypes from which you can choose the one you
need for particular purposes.
 The price is much lower than that of cast-in-situ structures,
although strip foundations are not inferior to them in
strength.
 You can insulate the floors much better if you use a strip
foundation.
What is strip footing?
 Strip foundations consist of a continuous strip, usually
of concrete, formed centrally under load bearing walls.
This continuous strip serves as a level base on which
the wall is built and is of such a width as is necessary
to spread the load on the foundations to an area of
subsoil capable of supporting the load without undue
compaction. Concrete is the material principally used
today for foundations as it can readily be placed,
spread and levelled in foundation trenches, to provide
a base for walls, and it develops adequate compressive
strength as it hardens to support the load on
foundations.
 Strip foundations are used where the soil is of good
bearing capacity. The key sizes of a strip foundation for
concrete cavity wall construction and timber frame
cavity wall construction are similar. The size and
position of the strip is directly related to the overall
width of the wall. The principle design features of a
strip foundation are based on the fact that the load is
transmitted at 45 degrees from the base of the wall to
the soil. The depth of a strip foundation must be equal
to or greater than the overall width of the wall. The
width of the foundation must be three times the width
of the supported wall.
Where are strip footings used?
 Strip foundations are used where the soil is of good
bearing capacity. The key sizes of a strip foundation for
concrete cavity wall construction and timber frame
cavity wall construction are similar.
 https://www.slideshare.net/abidjavaid9275/footing-
and-its-types