Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases

Almonte, Krystal
Cabanglan, Raise Celine
What is Gastrointestinal Tract?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Group of inflammatory conditions of the large intestines, and

in some cases, small intestine.

Two common factors:

CROHN’S DISEASE

ULCERATIVE COLITIS
CROHN’S
DISEASE
CROHN’S DISEASE

- Chronic disorder that causes

inflammation of the GI Tract

- Commonly affects Ileum and

Cecum (Ileocecal junction)

- Body’s immune system is

altered
 CROHN’S DISEASE

3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CROHN’S DISEASE

- Genetic polymorphism

- Environmental factors (smoking, infections,

NSAIDs)

- Dysregulated immune response

CROHN’S DISEASE

One way that the body can protect against potential bacterial threats
CROHN’S DISEASE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Vary depending on location and severity of inflammation

- ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA ( maybe complicated by intestinal fistulization)

- Rectal bleeding

- Fever

- Weight loss, anorexia

- Generalized fatigue

- Bone loss

- Psychosocial issues (depression, anxiety, coping up difficultly)

- Pediatric patients: stunted growth, failure to thrive

CROHN’S DISEASE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OUTSIDE THE GI TRACT

- Joint pain

- Liver inflammation

- Osteoporosis

- Skin problems

- Eye problems

- Mouth ulcers

- Anemia
ULCERATIVE
COLITIS
ULCERATIVE COLITIS

- An inflammatory disease of the large intestine

- Ulcers form in the inner lining, or mucosa , of the colon or

rectum

- Often resulting in diarrhea, blood, and pus

- Can be distinguish based by on how much the large

intestine is involves
 ULCERATIVE COLITIS CLASSIFICATIONS

RECTUM: PROCTITIS LEFT SIDE OF THE COLON: ENTIRE COLON:

LEFT SIDE COLITIS PANCOLITIS
ULCERATIVE COLITIS CLASSIFICATIONS

Rectum and Sigmoid Colon:

PROCTOSIGMOIDITIS
ULCERATIVE COLITIS BEHAVIOR
Characterized by periods of time of active inflammation

FLARES REMISSION
 ULCERATIVE COLITIS RISK FACTORS

- Genetic polymorphism

- Environmental factors (smoking, infections,

NSAIDs)

- Dysregulated immune response

IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ULCERATIVE COLITIS
PROGRESSION OF UC FROM RECTUM

- Rectum is always involved

- The inflammation may involved additional area of the large intestine

CROHN’S DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS
CAUSATIVE AGENT

Mycobacterium avium,
subspecies paratuberculosis

(MAP)
WHAT IS MAP?

- an organism found in animal

feces

- infects and causes clinical

disease, called Johne's ('Yo-
knees') disease in a wide
variety of animal species
LIVER
CIRRHOSIS
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
- An irreversible scarring of the liver that may
be caused by many conditions including:
• Viral hepatitis B and C
• Excessive use of alcohol
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Bile duct
injuries
• Metabolic conditions including iron and
copper overload
• Autoimmune inflammatory conditions
 LIVER CIRRHOSIS

 In compensated cirrhosis, the

liver is heavily scarred but can still
perform many important functions.

 In decompensated cirrhosis, the

liver is extremely scarred and unable
to function properly.
 LIVER CIRRHOSIS

CAUSATIVE AGENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

- Excessive alcohol consumption - Jaundice
- Prolonged viral attack - Ascites
(eg. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C) - Easy bruising
LIVER CIRRHOSIS

TREATMENT

- Underlying cause

- Liver transplant
REFERENCES

• Pierce, E. S. (2010). Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis the common
villain? Retrieved November 12, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031217/

• (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/crohns-disease/background.html

• Daller, M. J. (n.d.). Crohn's Disease Causes, Symptoms, Diet. Retrieved November 12, 2017, from
https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/crohns_disease

• Crohn Disease. (2017, August 17). Retrieved November 12, 2017, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172940-
overview

• 2012 MECHANISMS IN MEDICINE INC.

• OSMOSIS HEALTH AND MEDICINE

THANK FOR

YOU LISTENING!