SEMINAR ON

Real Gases and It’s Behavior

PREPARED BY: MUKHRIT AND ANIRBAN

DEVIATION OF GAS LAWS FROM IDEAL BEHAVIOR:

• Ideal Gas: A gas which obeys the general gas equation

and other gas laws under all conditions of temperature
and pressure is known as ideal gas or perfect gas.
• Real Gas: A gas which does not obey general gas
equation and all other gas laws strictly but tends
towards ideality at low pressure and high temperature
is known as a real gas.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IDEAL AND REAL GAS
Ideal gas Real Gas
A. It does not exist in actual A. All gases are real gases.
practice. Gases like N2,H2,
B. Volume occupied by molecules
which can’t be liquified easily
is not negligible.
are nearly ideal.
C. Attractive forces between gas
B. Volume occupied by gas
molecules are appreciable due
molecules is negligible as
to which pressure exerted is
compared to the total volume of
less than that calculated from
gas.
gas laws.
C. Attractive forces between gas
molecules are negligible.
 Compressibility Factors Showing
Deviation From Ideal Behavior

A convenient way of showing the

deviation of gas from ideal behavior
is to plot compressibility factor
(Z=PV/nRT) against the pressure.
For an ideal gas, PV=nRT and so
Z=PV/nRT is equal to one at any
pressure. But this is not the case for
real gases. If:-
I. At moderate pressure,Z<1i.e.
there is negative deviation. It
means that the gas is more
compressible than expected
from ideal behavior.
II. At high pressure,Z>1i.e,there is
positive deviation. It means the Plot of Z against P for some gases at 273K(0oC
gas is less compressibility than
expected from ideal behavior.
 VENDERWAAL’S EQUATION FOR REAL GASES

The modified equation of state which explains the deviation of real

gases from ideality is known as vanderWall’s equation of state and
was given by J.D van der Wall’s in 1873.
vanderWall’s gave the following postulates based on which the real
gas equation came into existence:
I. The volume occupied by gas molecules is not negligible which
was neglected according to kinetic theory of gases.
II. The force of attraction among the gas molecules is not negligible
which was neglected according to kinetic theory of gases.
Vender wall’s applied the corrections as follows:
I. Pressure Correction: Consider a gas molecule
lying in the interior of the container. It experiences
no net attractive force since it is uniformly
surrounded by similar molecules. On the other hand
a molecule near the wall of the container is not
uniformly surrounded and will, therefore experience
an attractive force towards the center of the
container and is proportional to the number of
molecules per unit volume i.e. the density of the gas
(n/V). Also the number of molecules striking the
container wall at any instant will also be proportional
to the density of the gas. Thus the pressure of the
gas is directly proportional to square of density of
gas i.e.
𝑛 𝑛
p∝ ×
𝑉 𝑉

or, p=an2/V2 . Where ‘a’ is constant .

Volume Correction:
The ideal gas equation is derived from the
assumption that the volume occupied by the
gas molecules is negligible but vender Wall’s
rejected this assumption and told that the
volume is not negligible and in order to get
the actual volume co-volume or excluded
volume should be subtracted from the total
volume ,the excluded volume is the volume
within which the molecules can’t move.
Corrected volume for n moles of the gas is
(v-nb). And the excluded volume for a mole of
gas is four times the actual volume of the
gas.
Hence the modified ideal gas equation for n
mole of gas is:
𝒂𝒏𝟐
[𝑷 + 𝑽
𝟐 ](V-nb)=nRT
LIMITATIONS OF VEN DER WALL’S EQUATION

• It has been found that ven der Wall’s equation is much more
accurate than the ideal gas equation. But the values of the van
der Wall’s constants , a and b, do not remain constant over the
entire ranges of temperature and pressure . Thus it can be said
that van der Wall’s equation is valid over the specific ranges of
temperature and pressure.