NATURE OF

COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PROCESSES
David Berlo’s SMCR model of communication is produced
as under:
 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/business-communication/communication-models-with-diagram-business-communication/70134
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

Communication is a two-way process of giving and receiving information through any

number of channels. Whether one is speaking informally to a colleague, addressing a
conference or meeting, writing a newsletter article or formal report, the following basic
principles apply:
• Know your audience.
• Know your purpose.
• Know your topic.
• Anticipate objections.
• Present a rounded picture.
 COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

• Achieve credibility with your audience.

• Follow through on what you say.
• Communicate a little at a time.
• Present information in several ways.
• Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback.
• Use multiple communication techniques
https://www4.uwm.edu/cuts/bench/commun.htm#princ
STYLES OF COMMUNICATION

• Friendly, Sociable
• Directive,Persuasive, Demanding, Blaming
• Speculative, Intuitive, Searching, Exploring, or
Intellectual
• Disclosing, Revealing, Explicit, Responsive,
Accepting, and Aware
 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Nonverbal communication is a process of

generating meaning using behavior other than
words.
• Nonverbal communication is typically governed
by the right side of the brain and verbal, the left.
Peter A. Andersen, Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1999), 2–8.
 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Nonverbal communication tends to do the work of communicating emotions

more than verbal.
• In terms of composition, although there are rules of grammar that structure our
verbal communication, no such official guides govern our use of nonverbal
signals.
• Whereas we humans are unique in our capacity to abstract and transcend space
and time using verbal symbols, we are not the only creatures that engage in
nonverbal communication.

https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/part/chapter-4-nonverbal-communication/
 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Nonverbal communication tends to do the work of communicating emotions

more than verbal.
• In terms of composition, although there are rules of grammar that structure our
verbal communication, no such official guides govern our use of nonverbal
signals.
• Whereas we humans are unique in our capacity to abstract and transcend space
and time using verbal symbols, we are not the only creatures that engage in
nonverbal communication.

https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/part/chapter-4-nonverbal-communication/
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Verbal communication include sounds, words, language, and speech. Speaking is an effective way of communicating and helps in expressing our emotions in words. This form of
communication is further classified into four types, which are:

• 1. Intrapersonal Communication

• This form of communication is extremely private and restricted to ourselves. It includes the silent conversations we have with ourselves, wherein we juggle roles between the
sender and receiver who are processing our thoughts and actions. This process of communication when analyzed can either be conveyed verbally to someone or stay confined as
thoughts.

• 2. Interpersonal Communication

• This form of communication takes place between two individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. Here, the two individuals involved will swap their roles of sender and
receiver in order to communicate in a clearer manner.

• 3. Small Group Communication

• This type of communication can take place only when there are more than two people involved. Here the number of people will be small enough to allow each participant to
interact and converse with the rest. Press conferences, board meetings, and team meetings are examples of group communication. Unless a specific issue is being discussed, small
group discussions can become chaotic and difficult to interpret by everybody. This lag in understanding information completely can result in miscommunication.

• 4. Public Communication

• This type of communication takes place when one individual addresses a large gathering of people. Election campaigns and public speeches are example of this type of
communication. In such cases, there is usually a single sender of information and several receivers who are being addressed.

http://www.maefahluang.org/?p=17
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Verbal communication is based on several basic

principles.

1. Language Has Rules

• Language is a code, a collection of symbols, letters, or words
with arbitrary meanings that are arranged according to the
rules of syntax and are used to communicate.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Syntactic rules govern the order of words in a

sentence.
Semantic rules govern the meaning of words and
how to interpret them.
Contextual rules govern meaning and word choice
according to context and social custom.
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

2. Our Reality Is Shaped by Our Language

3. Language Is Arbitrary and Symbolic
Words have two types of meanings: denotative and connotative. Attention to both is
necessary to reduce the possibility of misinterpretation.The denotative meaning is the
common meaning, often found in the dictionary.The connotative meaning is often not
found in the dictionary but in the community of users itself. It can involve an emotional
association with a word, positive or negative, and can be individual or collective, but is not
universal.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Figure 2.2Abstraction Ladder

4. Language Is Abstract

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

5. Language Organizes and Classifies Reality

We all use systems of classification to navigate through the
world. Imagine how confusing life would be if we had no
categories such as male/female, young/old, tall/short,
doctor/nurse/teacher. These categories only become problematic
when we use them to uphold biases and ingrained assumptions
that are no longer valid.
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html
 1. Write at least five examples of English sentences with correct syntax. Then rewrite
each sentence, using the same words in an order that displays incorrect syntax.
2. Think of at least five words whose denotative meaning differs from their connotative
meaning. Use each word in two sentences, one employing the denotative meaning and
the other employing the connotative.

3. Do you associate meaning with the car someone drives? Does it say something about
them? List five cars you observe people you know driving and discuss each one, noting
whether you perceive that the car says something about them or not.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-
success/s06-03-principles-of-verbal-communica.html