MANUAL TRANSMISSION

• An automotive transmission consisting of a system of

interlocking gear wheels and a lever that enables the driver to
shift gears manually.
• Also known as a manual gearbox, stick shift
 The Important manual transmission parts and functions

The clutch
-The clutch is the device that connects the engine and the gear. It helps you
engage the gearbox and the engine. When the clutch lever is pressed in, it
disconnects the gear body from the engine hence making the car be on the
neutral gear and once you shift the gear stick to the position you want and
release the clutch, the gear and the engine become one and thus turn
together. The car is then set in motion. It is important therefore to note that
the clutch is basically as important as the engine or the gear of the car.
The Layshaft
In the transmission area, there are numerous cogs and gears and one of
them is the layshaft. This shaft comes with a series of gears which play a
critical role in the transmission of power throughout the car and its
motion. The layshaft is one of the manual transmission parts and
function components that are basically connected to the engine when
the clutch is connected. With its different gears, it serves to connect and
transmit motion power from the engine to the differential once the gear
is engaged.
The splined shaft
Once the car’s engine and gearbox are working together, the power is
transmitted to the wheels so that the wheels’ motion corresponds to the
rpm of the engine. This power is transmitted from the engine, through the
layshaft and then to the splined shaft. This shaft is indeed critical to the
success of the motions of the car as it should be flawless in its transmitting
the power to the wheels.
The collar of the transmission
As one of the manual transmission parts and function
components of a car, the collar falls strategically
between two gears that connect to the layshaft. The
differential passes right through it and the gear
selection fork is positioned atop it. The collar can slide
sideways for its dog teeth to connect with either of the
gears on its sides. It is important to know that the
proper functioning of the collar dictates whether the car
will move or not.
4 SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION
First gear
• The smallest gear on the layshaft (with the fewest teeth) is locked to it. Passing drive
through the largest gear on the mainshaft, giving high torque and low speed for standing
start.
Second gear
the difference in diameter of the gears on the two shafts is reduced, resulting in increased
road speed and lower torque increase.
Third gear
Larger gear on the layshaft increases forward speed still further but reduces torque increase.
Fouth gear
Input shaft and mainshaft are locked together, providing ‘direct drive’ one revolution of the
propeller shaft for each revolution of the crankshaft .
Reverse
An idler gear is interprosed between gears on the two shafts, causing the mainshaft to
reverse direction.
Advantages and Disadvantages of a Manual Transmission
Advantages
Besides being fun to drive (for those who know how!), stick shift vehicles benefit drivers in a few ways:
Easier to maintain. Since they are less complex than automatics, there is less of a chance for something
to go wrong. The clutch is the only item that generally needs repair, but for the most part that isn’t
needed for hundreds of thousands of miles.
Use of gear or engine oil. This fluid deteriorates less quickly and doesn’t require frequent changes.
Better fuel economy. Automatic vehicles have a torque converter and hydraulic pump, which robs the car
of a percentage of its fuel efficiency. Those who drive manual vehicles can increase fuel economy by as
much as 15 percent.
More control. Braking is easier without the torque converter found in automatic vehicles.
Cheaper. In general, brand-new stick shift vehicles are cheaper than their automatic counterparts.
Disadvantages
Learning curve. Those learning to drive a manual can expect the first few rides to involve jerking and
stalling while becoming accustomed to the clutch and shift timing.
Difficulty on hills. Stopping on a hill and starting again can be inconvenient as well as scary. Since the
vehicle rolls back, drivers have rolled into traffic or stalled.
Pain from the clutch. Your left leg will be in constant use when driving a stick shift car. Over time, it can
mess with the joints in the leg.
 ADVANTAGES OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION OVER
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

 It is easier to build a strong manual transmission than an automatic one.This is because a

manual system has one clutch to operate,whereas an automatic system has a number of
clutch packs that function in harmony with each other
 Manual transmission normally do not require active cooling,because not much power is
dissipated as heat through the transmission.
 Manual gearshift are more fuel efficient as compared to their automatic counterpart.Torque
convertor used to engage and disengage automatic gear may lose power and reduced
acceleration as well as fuel economy.
 Manual transmission generally require less maintenance than automatic transmission.An
automatic transmission is made up of seversl component can stall the car completely.