PARENTING WITH

FUNCTIONAL
ILLITERACY: A
QUALITATIVE STUDY
DIESTA, ANTONETTE D.
DIONEDA, KYLA MARIE G.
TUD, CYRAH L.
VALENCIA, DENISE VIKTORIA T.
 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
 CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM
“Parental responsibility" with respect to minor children (Executive Order No. 209, Article 220
as amended, otherwise known as the "Family Code of the Philippines)
• Ideally, parents should be able to fulfill their obligations such as the following:
1. To keep them in their company, to support, educate and instruct them by right precept
and good example, and to provide for their upbringing in keeping with their means;
2. To give them love and affection, advice and counsel, companionship and
understanding;
3. To provide them with moral and spiritual guidance, inculcate in them honesty, integrity,
self-discipline, self-reliance, industry and thrift, stimulate their interest in civic affairs,
and inspire in them compliance with the duties of citizenship;
4. To furnish them with good and wholesome educational materials, supervise their
activities, recreation and association with others, protect them from bad company, and
prevent them from acquiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and morals;
5. To represent them in all matters affecting their interests;
6. To demand from them respect and obedience;
7. To impose discipline on them as may be required under the circumstances; and
8. To perform such other duties as are imposed by law upon parents and guardians.
 CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM

• However, some of these obligations or responsibilities

might be neglected by parents who have difficulties in
terms of their literacy. According to Bouffard (2014),
"poor reading skills make it harder for parents to raise
healthy kids, support families or prepare children with
skills needed to enter school ready to learn."
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• Based on the Functional Literacy,

Education and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS) conducted in the Philippines
in 2013, Among the 69 million population
of 10 to 64 years old, 90.3% were
functionally literate
 RESEARCH GAP
• Despite of the crucial role parents play both in school and at home, limited research has been
conducted on investigating the pupils’ backgrounds, specifically their parent’s education and
literacy, and how it impacts parental involvement in their children’s education (Ghanney, 2018).
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

• To describe experiences of parents with functional

illiteracy in terms of raising and nurturing their
children

• To identify the impact of functional illiteracy to

their obligations as parents

• To determine how parents with functional illiteracy

fulfill their responsibilities as parents despite their
condition
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What are their experience in

parenting with functional illiteracy?
2. What is the impact of functional
illiteracy to their obligations as
parents?
3. How do they fulfill their
responsibilities as parents despite
having functional illiteracy?
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory (1962)

• In every child's learning, there must be an utmost

guidance and help of others that are more
knowledgeable and skilled than them, such as
parents, teachers, and guardians

• A child internalizes and uses the behavior and

instructions of a “skillful tutor” (often a parent or
teacher) as a guide for their own performance and
actions
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH DESIGN
• Qualitative Research approach (Shank, 2002)

- “a form of systematic empirical inquiry into

meaning” (p. 5). This type of inquiry is grounded
in the world of experience.

• Case Study (Crowe, 2011)

- useful to employ when there is a need to

obtain an in-depth appreciation of an issue,
event or phenomenon of interest, in its natural
real-life context
 RESEARCH SETTING
• Abodes of the participants in Sorsogon City
(third class city deemed as the capital of the
province with a population of 168,110 according
to POPCEN, 2015)

• Based on Unhabitat's literacy mapping report for

the city in 2015, the literacy rate is at 91%

• First participant resides in Macabog (an urban

barangay with a population of 3,048 based on a
2007 census)
• English is not the participant’s native language
 SAMPLE & SAMPLING PROCEDURE

• Sampling Technique: Purposive Snowball Sampling

• At least 3 participants
• Selection Criteria
- May or may not have finished elementary, high school, or
college
- Must have at least one child reporting to school
- Unable to look for a sustainable job to support his/her
family
- Unable to read or write well enough to do tasks that are
essential for living and working in the society
- Has difficulties with reading complex text
- Must be willing to participate
 SAMPLE & SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Identification of
Parents with
• Group screening
functional illiteracy

• Purposive snowball sampling

• Determining final list of
Identification of
Participants participants
DATA COLLECTION METHODS

• In-depth interview
 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

• Ensuring that the participant willingly

accomplishes and agrees to the consent form
• Setting the date for the interview session
• Conducting the interview
• Choosing the next participant based on the
recommendation of the first, and so on
• Data transcribing of the interviews