GROUP B

 2(a) Why do we need to measure

development?
 (b) Identify and briefly describe the
economic and social indicator used to
measure development.
WHY MEASURE DEVELOPMENT
 First we measure development to compare the
development of one country to another.
 And also to measure the previous performance
of one country and its current performance.
Economic Indicators
 The economic growth of countries refers
to increase in output of goods and
services that a country produces over an
accounting period, normally 1 year.
 This approach uses income per head of
the population as a measure of
development, suggesting that the higher
the income of a country or territory, the
greater its development.
Gross Domestic Product(GDP) per
capita.
 This measures the values of all the goods
and services produced by a nation or a
territory, whether by national or foreign
companies.
 When calculated the national total is
divided by the total population, to the
given value of goods and services
produced per head of the population.
Gross National Product (GNP) per
capita.
 This is the gross domestic product to which
net income derived from overseas is added.
 Income generated from abroad is added and
payments made overseas are subtracted.
 This total is then divided by the population
 This is recently known as Gross National
Income (GNI) per capita.
 Higher GNI means higher growth of
development on the given nation.
Social indicators
 Social indicators tend to describe social
trends and conditions impacting on
human well being .
 These are non economical factors that
are involved in the process of
development. In 1989 UNDP promoted
the Human Development Index (HDI)
as a wider measure of development.
 Health and Life Expectancy
Health: is a state of being free from
illness or injury.
Life expectancy(LE): is an estimate of
how many years a person may be
expected to live
.A nation with a higher life expectancy of
its people is expected to be more
developed compared to the lower life
expectancy.
Standard of Living
 This is originally measured by Gross
Domestic Product per capita in the US
 A nation with a higher standard of living
has a higher development compared to
the one with lower standard of living
Education and Knowledge
 This is initially measured by adult
literacy rate and the gross enrolment
ratio (the combined percentage of the
population in primary, secondary and
tertiary education).
 Thus higher literacy rate indicates the
growth development is high and vice
versa is true.
references
 THE COMPANION TO DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES THIRD EDITION, BY
VANDAMA DESAI AND ROBERT B.
POTTER
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 11TH
EDITION, BY MICHAEL P. TODARD
AND STEPHEN C. SMITH
Group members

 ALWI AHMED AL-BEITY

 AMIN AHMED BAKAR
 AMIRA MOH’D ANAD
 AMIRA SULEIMAN ABDALLAH
 ANETH G MHIDZE
 ANGEL THOMAS KIMONGE
 ASAPH JOHN BALOLE
 ASIA J MINGE
 ASTERIUS BINAMUNGU ALOYS
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