REPORTER:

MIKE JERALD A. FEBRER

YVONNE SAYNO
CECILLE CAPILI
GILDA RAMOS
ANGELENA LAMAC
JEREMY MORALIDA
Volcanic Hazard
 PYROCLASTIC FLOW
Pyroclastic Flow is density current or pyroclastic cloud is a
past moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that
moves away from a volcano about 100 km/h (62 mph) on
average but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700
km/h(430)
Pyroclastic flows are a common and devastating result of
certain explosive eruptions.
They normally touch the ground and hurtle downhill
Spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the
density of the current, The volcanic output rate, and gradient
of the slope.
LAHAR
Volcanic eruption is
cause of lahar
Lahars from when water from intense rainfall, melting snow
and ice, or sudden failure of a natural dam , mixes with this
loose volcanic material, creating mudflows that can be
particularly dangerous destructive.

A lahar triggered most often by a volcanic eruption, which

flows down the mountain. They are also called “ debris
avalanches” as the lahar travels down the mountain , other
debris like rocks, logs and trees.
THE ARE TWO TYPES OF LAHRS
FLOWS
 TURBULENT FLOW
It is type of fluid ( gas or liquid) the speed of the fluid
at a point is continuously undergoing changes in both
magnitude and direction.

 LAMINAR FLOW
Is a flow regime characterized by high momentum
diffusion and low momentum convection. When a fluid is
flowing through a closed channel Such as pipe or between
two plates, either of two types of flow may occur depending
on the velocity and viscosity.
ASH FALL

Ash falls explosive jetting of fine volcanic particles into

high ash clouds generally do not cause any direct
fatalities. Where the ash accumulates more than a few
centimeters, collapsing roofs and failure of crops are
major secondary hazards.
Lava flow
Lava flow is molten rock that erupts from volcanic
vents.
when lava is still within the earth, geologists call it magma.
 Effusive eruptions
effusive eruptions are non-explosive eruptions of lava
onto the surface of the earth.
There are three main chemical compositions of lava:
mafic, intermediate, and felsic.
Mafic lavas
are lavas rich in iron and magnesium, while being
low in silica. Basalt is the solidified version of mafic lava.
Mafic lavas are also the hottest lavas and normally erupt at
over 900 degrees Celsius- that’s 1,650 degrees fahrenheit!
 Intermediate lavas
have a medium amount of iron, magnesium, and
silica. The silica content is still low enough to allow these
lavas to flow, but not as fluidly as mafic lavas. These lavas
cool to form andesite.
 Felsic lavas
have the highest silica and lowest magnesium
concentration. Felsic lavas are the coolest and erupt at
temperatures less than 750 degrees celsius.
VOLCANIC GASES
 An erupting volcano will release gases, tephra and heat
into the atmosphere. The largest portion of gases released
into the atmosphere is water vapor. Other gases include
carbon dioxide (CO2) Sulfur dioxide ( SO2),
Hydrochloric acid (HCI), hydrogen Fluoride (HF),
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO),
Hydrogen gas (H2), NH3, methane CH4), and Sif4. Some
of these gases are transported away from the eruption on
ash particles while others form salts and aerosols.
Volcanic gases are also produced when water is heated by
magma. Gases also escape from pyroclastic flows, lahars,
and lava flows, and may also be produced.
Develop a family plan to guide them on what to
do before, during, and after occurrence of the
disastrous event.
We have a three Easy steps to prepared for an emergency
before a volcanic eruption.
 GET A KIT
MAKE A PLAN
BE INFORMED
During a volcanic Eruption
 Listen to a local station on a portable, Battery-
operated Radio and television for updated emergency
information.
 Follow any evacuation orders issued by authorities,
and put your emergency plan into action.
 If indoors, close all window, doors, and dampers to
keep volcanic ash.
After a volcanic Eruption
1. Let friends and family know you’re safe.
2. Register yourself on the safe and website.
3. If evacuated, return only when authorities say it is safe
to do so.
4. Continue listening to local news or a NOAA weather
radio for updated information and instructions.
5. If people around you are injured, practice check, Call,
care.
What is the difference between Magnitude
and location?
Magnitude is determined from measurements
on seismographs. Intensity measures the
strength of shaking produced by the
earthquake at acertain location.
 What is the difference between velocity and
viscosity?.
Dynamics viscosity it is defined as the
resistance offered to a layer of fluid when it
mores over another layer of fluid.
Volcanic Tsunami
 Spews lava red hot lava
 Ballistic Fragments projectiles are rocks that an
erupting volcano may hurl into the air.