THE LITERATURES OF January 29,2020

THE WORLD
Literature is classified into three genres:

PROSE

POETRY

DRAMA
Prose
It is a literary piece which is written
in the pattern of ordinary spoken
language and within the common flow of
conversation.

It is derived from the Latin word

prosa which means ‘straightforward’.
Presents a story that is invented and not literally
“true”.
It is a series of imagined facts which shows truths
about human life.
It is written to be read rather than acted or
performed.
The events depicted are told by a narrator
PROSE FICTION: Myth
Legend
Parable
Fable
Fairy Tale
Short Story
Novel
Novella
Myth
Is often a story of origins, how the world
and everything in it came to be.
It orients people to the metaphysical
dimension.
Attempts to explain the origins and nature
of the world, as well as a certain custom
or practice of a human society, validates
social issues, and, on the psychological
plane, addresses oneself to the innermost
depths of the psyche.
Legend
Comes from the Latin adjective
“legenda”.
Unverified story handed down from earlier
times, especially one popularly believed
to be historical.
Parable
A simple story illustrating a moral or
religious lesson.
Fable
A usually short narrative making an
edifying or cautionary point and often
employing as character-animals that
speak and act like humans.
Fairy Tale
Is a kind of folktale or fable.
In this story, we meet witches and queens,
giants and elves, princes and princesses,
dragons, ogres and sometimes fairies.
Marvelous and magical things happen to
characters in fairy tales.
Short Story
A piece of prose fiction marked by
relative shortness and density, organized
into a plot and with some kind of
denoument at the end.
Usually focuses on one important event in
the lives of a small number of central
characters
Novel
A fictional prose narrative of considerable
length, typically having a plot that is
unfolded by the actions, speech, and
thoughts of numerous characters placed
in a number of different situations.
Novella
A fictional prose narrative that is longer
than a short story, but shorter than a
novel.
It is a form in its own right.
Presents factual information or expresses a
viewpoint.
These are literary works that are based
mainly on facts rather than on the
imagination.
NON FICTION PROSE
Autobiography
Biography
Character Sketch
Diary or Journal
Editorial
Essay
Autobiography
Comes from the Greek words “auton”
meaning self, “bios” meaning life and
“graphein” meaning write.
A biography written by the person himself
or herself
Biography
A personal account of a person’s life
written by another person.
Character Sketch
An abbreviated portrayal of a particular
characteristic of people.
It emphasizes the striking part of a
person’s life
Diary or Journal
A daily record of events in a person’s life
Editorial
A statement or an article by a news
organization, newspaper or magazine
that expresses the opinion of the editor,
editorial board or publisher
Essay
a composition with moderate length, usually
expository in nature. There are several types of
essay
• Formal Essay – deals with serious and important
topics
• Informal Essay – deals with any subject, even the
ordinary
• Critical Essay – seeks to analyze or evaluate a
literary work
• Travelogue – informs others of vicarious
experiences in a given place and time.
Poetry
It refers to those
expressions in verse,
with measures,
rhymes, lines, stanzas
and melodious tones.

It came from the Greek

word poiesis which
means ‘making’.
 Divisions and Types of
Poetry

A. Lyric Poetry

A. Narrative Poetry

A. Dramatic Poetry
Lyric Poetry
In earlier days, it was meant to be sung to
the accompaniment of a musical instrument
known as lyre. Examples are:
a. Simple Lyric – embraces a wide variety
of poems and is characterized by
subjectivity, imagination, melody and
emotion.
b. Song – short lyric poem which has a
specific melodious quality and is
intended to be sung
c. Sonnet – a poem expressing of 14 lines
with a formal rhyme
d. Elegy – a poem expressing lament or
grief for the dead.
e. Ode – most splendid type of lyric poetry
that expresses a noble feeling with dignity.
 Narrative Poetry
It tells a story following an order of events.
It includes:
a. Ballad – short simple narrative poem
composed to be sung and is orally
told from one generation to another
b. Metrical Romance – a long rambling love
story in verse which is centered
around the adventures of knights and
lords, and their royal ladies during the
age of chivalry.
c. Epic – a long, majestic narrative poem
which tells the adventures of a
traditional hero and the development
of a nation.
Dramatic Poetry
It has the elements that are closely related to
drama because it is written in dramatic form or
makes use of a dramatic technique. It includes:
a. Dramatic Monologue – a combination of drama
and poetry which presents the speech of a
character in a particular situation at a
critical moment.
b. Soliloquy – passage spoken by the speaker in a
poem of a by the character in a play
except that there is no one present to hear
him except the audience or the reader.
Drama
 Comes from the Greek word “dran”
meaning to do or to act.
 It is a story acted out.
 It shows people going through some eventful
period in their lives, seriously or humorously.
 The speech and action of a play recreate
the flow of human life, which comes fully to
life only on the stage.
 Kinds of Drama

A play may be a tragedy, a comedy, or, in modern

drama, a mixture of the two.
• A tragedy depicts serious and
important events that end
unhappily.
• Taken from the Greek
word:”tragos” which means
Goat.
• A comedy ends happily. Although
most comedies are funny, they may
also make us think and question.
 Tragedy

Most classical tragedies deal with serious

subjects—fate, life, and death—and center on a
tragic hero. Tragic heroes
• are usually noble rebelliousness
figures ambition

• have a tragic flaw,

a personal failing
that leads to their passion
downfall
excessive pride
Innocent heroes [End of Section]
 Comedy

In a comedy, the characters usually face humorous

obstacles and problems that are resolved by the
end of the play. Comic heroes
• may be ordinary people instead
of nobility
• eventually overcome their flaws
and achieve happiness
 Comedy

The conflict in comedies is usually romantic.

• Someone wants to marry but
faces an obstacle—opposing
parents or rival suitors.
• Complications can involve
misunderstandings, mistaken
identities, disguises, or
transformation.
• The obstacle is always
overcome.
[End of Section]
 Modern Drama

Many of today’s dramas can’t be neatly defined as

either comedy and tragedy. Modern plays
• often mix the serious
with the humorous
• focus on characters
that audiences will
identify with rather
than look up to

[End of Section]
SEATWORK #1
I. Identify what is being asked in each number.
1. It is derived from the Latin word prosa which means ________________.
2. Unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly
believed to be historical.
3. An abbreviated portrayal of a particular characteristic of people.
4. A poem expressing of 14 lines with a formal rhyme.
5. Meaning of the Greek word poiesis.
6. Meaning of the Greek word tragos.
7. Informs others of vicarious experiences in a given place and time.
8. Passage spoken by the speaker in a poem of a by the character in a play
except that there is no one present to hear him except the audience or the
reader.
9. A combination of drama and poetry which presents the speech of a
character in a particular situation at a critical moment.
10. A fictional prose narrative that is longer than a short story, but shorter than a
novel.
II. Identify the following statements as PROSE or
POETRY.
11. Expressions in melodious tones.
12. Written within the common flow of
conversation.
13. It refers to those expressions in verse
14. Written in the pattern of ordinary spoken
language.
15. It is derived from the Latin word which means
‘straightforward’.
I. Identify what is being asked in each number.
1. straightforward
2. legend
3. character sketch
4. sonnet
5. MAKING
6. goat
7. travelogue
8. soliloquy
9. dramatic monologue
10. novella
II. Identify the following statements as PROSE or
POETRY.
11. Expressions in melodious tones. POETRY
12. Written within the common flow of
conversation. PROSE
13. It refers to those expressions in verse POETRY
14. Written in the pattern of ordinary spoken
language PROSE
15. It is derived from the Latin word which means
‘straightforward’. PROSE