Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotional
state that occurs as a
threatening event draws
close.
Three Part of Anxiety

 Physical feeling
 Thoughts
 behaviors
Physical feeling

 Heart racing
 Sweating
 Dry mouth
 Shaking
 Dizziness
 Other un pleasant symptoms
Thoughts

 Belief that one will be harmed or will lose

control of situation.
Behavior

 Avoiding certain situations or constantly

asking others if everything will be okay.
Anxiety Disorders
 Seрaration Anxiety Disorder
 Selective Mutism
 Specific Phobia
 Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
 Panic Disorder
 Agoraphobia
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder
 Substance\ Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
 Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
 Specified and Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder

 Inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety

concerning separation from close one.
 The fear or anxiety is persistent lasting at
least 4 weeks in children and adolescent and
6 months or more in adults.
Selective Mutism

 Consistent failure to speak in specific social

situations .
 The duration of disturbance is at least 1
month.
 The failure to speak is not due to a lack of
knowledge or comfort with the spoken
language required in the social situation.
Specific Phobia

 Fear of object or situations that is out of

proportion to any real danger.
 The phobic object or situation is actively
avoided with intense fear or anxiety.
 Duration
6 months
Social Anxiety Disorder

 A severe and persistent fear of social or

performance situation in which
embarrassment may occur.
 Avoidance of fear situations.
 These symptoms are typically lasting for 6
months or more
Panic Disorder
 Recurrent unexpected panic attacks occur repeatedly.
Symptoms of panic attack
Palpitation
Sweating
Shortness of breath
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea
Chills or heat sensation
Fear of losing control
Fear of dying
Agoraphobia

 Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of

the following situations
Using public transportation
Being in open space
Being in closed space
Standing in line or being in crowd
Being outside of the home alone
The individual fear of avoid these situations
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 A disorder marked by persistent and

excessive feelings of anxiety and worry
about numerous events and activities
Etiology of Anxiety Disorders

Gender and Sococultural Perspective

Gender
Anxiety disorder are much more common
among women than man.
Culture and society
The specific symptoms expressed in anxiety
may be shaped by culture society.
Examples: taijin kyotusho syndrome
Poverty
Psychodynamic Perspective

 Realistic anxiety
Actual danger
 Neurotic anxiety
Repeatedly prevented id impulse
 Moral anxiety
Punishment or threatened for expressing
id impulse
Humanistic Perspective

According to humanistic theorist anxiety

disorder develop when people
Stop looking at them self honestly
Repeated denial of their true thoughts
and behavior.
Carl Rogers explanation
Condition of worth
Cognitive Perspective

 Sustained negative beliefs about the future

 Perceived control
 Attention to threat
 Maladaptive assumption
Maladaptive Assumption

 Albert Ellis
Basic irrational assumptions
 Aron Beck
People with anxiety disorder hold the
assumption that thy are in danger
 Beta Cognitive Theory
positive and negative beliefs about worrying
Neurobiological perspective
 Genes
family pedigree study
 Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Gamma-aminobuytric Acid
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
Abnormal Brain Stricture

Orbitofrontal cortex
Caudate nucleus
Thalamus, amygdale
Behavioral perspective

Mower two factor model

 Classical conditioning
 Operant conditioning
Modeling
Personality Factors

 Behavioral inhibition
A tendency to become agitated and cry
when faced with novel toys, people and other
stimuli
 Neuroticism
The tendency to react to events,with
greater than average negative affect
ABC Model of Anxiety
 Alarms (A) are emotional sensations or physiological
reactions to a trigger situation, sensation, or thought.
 The ensuing decision to act is made on the basis of
beliefs (B) that rely heavily on previous experiences,
personal and cultural background, and the
information that is perceived by the sensory organs.
 Coping strategies (C), for example, specific
behaviors or mental activity aimed at reducing
anxiety and avoiding the perceived “danger.”
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
 Psychodynamic therapy
 Behavioral therapies
 Cognitive therapies
 Humanistic therapy
 Gestalt therapy
 Socio cultural therapy
 Biological treatment
Psychodynamic therapy

 Free association
 Transference
 Resistance
 Dream
 Short term psychodynamic therapy
Behavioral therapies

 Systematic desensitization
 Flooding
 Social skills
 Modeling
Cognitive therapy

 Psychoeducation
 Self monitoring symptoms reducing
techniques
 Berating and relaxation techniques
 Cognitive restructuring techniques
 Exposure
 Rational emotive therapy
Humanistic Approach

 Client center therapy

 Self actualization
 Gestalt therapy
Sociocultural therapy

 Self help therapy

 Family therapy
 Couple therapy
Biological treatment
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
 Brain imaging technique
 Surgery
 Deep-Brain Stimulation
 Sedative – hypnotic drug
Benzodiazepine
 Relaxation training
Obsessive Compulsive and related
Disorder
 Obsessive compulsive disorder
 Body dysmorphic disorder
 Hoarding disorder
 Excoriation disorder
 Trichotillomonia
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

 A disorder in which a person has recurrent

obsession compulsion or both.
Body dysmorphic disorder

 A disorder in individual become preoccupied

with the belief that they have certain defects
in their physical appearance.
Hoarding disorder

 A disorder in which individual feel compelled

to save items and become very distress if the
try to discard them.
Excoriation disorder

 A disorder in which individual repeatedly pick

at their skin, resulting in significant wounds.
Trichotillomonia

 A disorder in which individual repeatedly pull

out hair from different part of body
Etiology of obsessive compulsive
disorder

 Psychodynamic perspective
 Behavioral perspective
 Cognitive perspective
 Biological perspective
Psychodynamic perspective

 Anal stage of development

 Isolation
 Undoing
 Reaction formation
Behavioral perspective

 Behaviorist believe that compulsive behavior

develop through chance association.
Cognitive perspective

 Obsessive-compulsive disorder grows from

normal human tendency to have unwanted
and unpleasant thoughts
Biological perspective

 Genes
 Abnormal Brain Stricture
Orbitofrontal cortex
Caudate nucleus
Thamalus, amygdala
 Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
GABA
Norepinephrine
Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder

 Psychoanalytic therapy
Free association
Transference
Short term psychodynamic therapy
Behavioral therapies

 Rational emotive behavioral therapy

 Exposure and response preventation
 Conditioning
 Modeling
Cognitive therapy

 Psychoeducation
 Self monitoring symptoms reducing
techniques
 Berating and relaxation techniques
 Cognitive restructuring techniques
 Exposure
 Neutralizing
Humanistic Approach

 Client center therapy

 Gestalt therapy
Gestalt therapy

 Self help therapy

 Family therapy
 Couple therapy
Biological treatment

 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

 Tricyclic Antidepressants
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
 Psychosurgery
subcaudate tractotomy
Trauma and stressor related disordr

 Reactive Attachment Disorder

 Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
 Post traumatic Stress Disorder
 Acute stress Disorder
 Adjustment Disorder
Risk factor for Trauma and Ttress
Related Disorder

 Personality
 Childhood experiences
 Social support
 Psychopathology Prior To The Trauma
 Disasters
 Sexual Assault
 Victimization
Neurobiological factors

 Abnormal structure of brain

Hippocampus Amygdala
Parasympathetic nervous system →pituitary gland→ secretion of
ACTH Adrenal →cortex corticosteroids
 Neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
serotonin
Psychological theories

 Classical conditioning
Treatment of Trauma and Stress
Related Disorder

 Psychological treatment
 Biological treatment
Psychological treatment

 Exposure therapy
 Hypnosis
 cognitive therapy,
 Anxiety management techniques
Relaxation training, breathing retraining, trauma
education, guided self-dialogue, cognitive
restructuring, and communication skills training.
 Eye-movement desensitization and
reprocessing
Biological treatment

 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

 Tricyclic Antidepressants
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
 Psychosurgery
subcaudate tractotomy