histograms

histograms:
A histogram is a bar graph that shows the
frequency data occur within certain classes.
The bars are always vertical, the width of each bar
is based upon the size of the class it represents,
and there are no gaps between adjacent bars.
We often use a frequency table of data in order to
create a histogram.
 Making a Histogram

Step 1: Determine the class boundaries

Step 2: Draw the x and y axes

Step 3: Indicate the class boundaries
on the x-axis and the frequencies on
the y-axis.
Step 4: Draw vertical bars whose
heights correspond to the frequencies
for each class.
Scores in 40-Item Test in Mathematics

Scores Frequency Class boundaries

9-13 4 8.5-13.5
14-18 6 13.5-18.5
19-23 6 18.5-23.5
24-28 9 23.5-28.5
29-33 8 28.5-33.5
34-38 7 33.5-38.5
 Scores Frequency Class boundaries
9-13 4 8.5-13.5

14-18 6 13.5-18.5

19-23 6 18.5-23.5

24-28 9 23.5-28.5

29-33 8 28.5-33.5

34-38 7 33.5-38.5
10 40-Item Test in Mathematics
9
Number of Students

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
13.5

18.5

23.5

28.5

33.5
8.5

38.5
Scores
• How will you describe the score of
the students?
• Supposing you are one of those who
took the test, what score do you
want to get?
• How will you construct a histogram?
• How does it feel to get a high/low
score?
• How important is histogram to you?
 Years of Service of Teachers

Scores Frequency Class boundaries

1-3 7 0.5 - 3.5

4-6 15 3.5 - 6.5
7-9 20 6.5 - 9.5
10-12 16 9.5 - 12.5
13-15 8 12.5 - 15.5
16-18 4 15.5 -18 .5
 Years of Service of Teachers
20
18
16
Number of Teachers

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
12.5
3.5

15.5
0.5

18.5
9.5
6.5

Years of Service
 Examination Result in Science

Scores Frequency Class boundaries

30-34 2
35-39 3
40-44 5
45-49 6
50-54 7
55-59 4
60-64 5
65-69 3
 Examination Result in Science

Scores Frequency Class boundaries

30-34 2 29.5-34.5
35-39 3 34.5- 39.5
40-44 5 39.5 – 44.5
45-49 6 44.5 – 49.5
50-54 7 49.5 – 54. 5
55-59 4 54.5 – 59.5
60-64 5 59.5 – 64.5
65-69 3 64.5 – 69.5
 Number of Students

4
6
7

3
9

2
10

1
29.5

34.5

39.5

Scores
44.5

49.4

54.5

59.5
Examination Result in Science

64.5

69.5
 END OF LESSON

The next slides are student copies of the notes for this
lesson. These notes were handed out in class and
filled-in as the lesson progressed.

NOTE: The last slide(s) in any lesson slideshow

(entitled “Practice Work”) represent the homework
assigned for that day.
Ogive(cumulative frequency graph)
- Is a graph that shows the
cumulative frequencies of a given
frequency distribution.
 Making a Ogive
Step 1: Determine the class boundaries
Step 2: Determine the cumulative
frequencies.
Step 3: Draw the x and y axes

Step 4: Indicate the class boundaries

on the x-axis and the frequencies on
the y-axis.
Step 5: Connect the points
Scor Frequency Class <cf >cf
es boundaries
9-13 4 8.5-13.5 4 40
14-18 6 13.5-18.5 10 36
19-23 6 18.5-23.5 16 30
24-28 9 23.5-28.5 25 24
29-33 8 28.5-33.5 15
33
34-38 7 33.5-38.5 40 7

10
 40-Item Test in Mathematics
Number of Students

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

28.5

38.5
13.5

18.5

23.5
8.5

33.5
Scores
Scor Frequency Class <cf >cf
es boundaries
9-13 4 8.5-13.5 4 40
14-18 6 13.5-18.5 10 36
19-23 6 18.5-23.5 16 30
24-28 9 23.5-28.5 25 24
29-33 8 28.5-33.5 33 15
34-38 7 33.5-38.5 40 7
 Scores of Students in English Test
Number of Students

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

28.5

38.5
13.5

18.5

23.5
8.5

33.5
Scores