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:ASSESSMENT
FINAL EXAM

.Textbook: BrajaM. Das, "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering", 7thE. (Chapter 9)

Introduction

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 Introduction
• The principal source of soil stress is
caused by the weight of the soil
(usually by the pore water pressure)
above the point in the soil under
examination.

• Additional Stress can & are induced

by load from the soil surface (e.g:
Footings, deep foundations,
embankments, & other weight-
bearing structures)

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COMPONENT OF STRESS IN SOIL

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 DEFINITION
1) Total stress
The total stress is the sum of the effective stress and the pore
pressure

2) Effective stress
The effective stress is carried by the soil skeleton. The effective
stress in a soil mass controls its volume change and
strength.

3) Pore water pressure

The pore pressure is carried by pore water. If the pores of a soil
mass are filled with water and if a pressure induced into the
pore water, tries to separate the grains, this pressure is
termed as pore water pressure (u) or neutral stress.

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• When a load is applied to
soil, it is carried by the water
in the pores as well as the
solid grains. The increase in
pressure within the
porewater causes drainage
(flow out of the soil), and
the load is transferred to the
solid grains. The rate of
drainage depends on the
permeability of the soil. The
strength and compressibility
of the soil depend on the
stresses within the solid
granular fabric. These are
called effective stresses

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 Pore water pressure
• The water in the pores of a soil is called pore
water.
• The pressure within this pore water is called
pore water pressure (u).

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Hydrostatic and Total stress

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Effective Stress – General Expression

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Methods of Computations Effective Stress

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 Diagram


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Total stress in multi-layered soil

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 EXAMPLE 1
Plot the variation of total and effective vertical stresses, and
pore water pressure with depth for the soil profile shown
below in Fig.

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 Solution:
Within a soil layer, the unit weight is constant, and therefore the stresses vary
linearly. Therefore, it is adequate if we compute the values at the layer interfaces
and water table location, and join them by straight lines.

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Solution

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Example 2

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TUTORIAL

 = 15.9 kN/m2
sat = 19.6 kN/m2

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 ANSWER
(a)

FORMULA:

 (total stress) =  (effective stress) +  (pore water pressure)

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(b)

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