Well Planning For Exploration Well

Prepared by Myat Yadanar Htun

1
 Agenda
PART 1
• SSHE Moment
• Well Data
• Lithology and Offset Well Data
• Pore Pressure, Fracture Pressure Curves
• Casing Seat Selection and Well Schematic
• Casing Design
• Mud Program

2
 Agenda
PART 2
• Cement Program
• Bit and BHA Selection
• Rig Selection
• Depth-Time Curve
• Cost Estimation
• Conclusion

3
SSHE Moment

Office Safety.mp4

4
 Introduction
Objectives of Well Planning
The objective of well planning is to prepare a Safety
program together with required supporting
Safety must be the top priority in well planning.
documents (such as blow-out emergency plan or
• Personnel Safety
Hydrogen Sulfide Emergency plan) for drilling a well
• Well Safety
safely and cost-effectively.

Well
Safety
Minimizes the cost without Personnel
exposing the risk of all the Safety This is the second aspect of
safety aspects. the well plan. It is normally
This must be placed above all designed to minimize the risk
other aspects of the well of blow-outs and all other
planning plan. problems that could affect the
well’s safety.

5
 Overall Well Planning Process
Data Collection Bit and BHA Program Rig Sizing and Selection

Pore Pressure and

Fracture Gradient Cement Program Depth-Time Curve
Curves

Cost Estimation
Casing Setting Depth Mud Program
Selection

Procurement Process
Hole Geometry Casing Design and AFE Preparation

6
 Data Collection

Offset Well Selection Data Sources

 Geological knowledge of nearby  Seismic Studies

formations  IADC Drilling Reports
 Similar fault block structures  Bit and Mud Records (if exists)
 Identify geological anomalies  Geological Contours

7
 Well Data
Well Type – Exploration
Well Objectives – To explore and evaluate potential hydrocarbons and
the reservoir characteristics
Well Profile – Vertical well
Well Depth – 3700 m
Water Depth – 120 m
Hole Size Casing Size Casing Type Depth (mRT) Design Case

26" 20" Conductor 630 Base

Well Configuration – 17-1/2" 13-3/8” Liner 1500 Base

12-1/4" 9 5/8" Casing 2200 Base

8-5/8“ 7" Liner 2250 Contingency

6-1/2” x 7-7/8” 5-1/2” Casing 3725 Base

8
 Lithology and Offset Well Data
Depth (mRT) Lithology Problem Depth (mRT) Lithology Problem

CC total loss, caving observed, building tendency

2500
AA DD building tendency, caving observed.
2700
shallow fault, potential shallow gas 2850 EE pipe stuck, fishing was not successful.

Fault FF

AA Carbonate very hard formation, bit worn out easily

1200
FF
3700

BB building tendency

2200

9
 Pore Pressure & Fracture Gradient Curves
Seismic Data Analysis

Log Analysis
Pore Pressure Prediction
Offset Well Data

Drilling Parameters Evaluation

Offset Well Data

Fracture Gradient Determination Leak-Off Test

Formation Integrity Test

10
 Casing Seat Selection
Casing Seating Depth can be selected based on geological data, hole problems and many other
factors.

Type of Casing and Their Purpose

• provide fluid conduit from bit to surface
Conductor Pipe or Drive Pipe • minimize hole caving problems

• cover freshwater sands

• prevent caving
Surface Casing • cover weak zones
• support weight of all casing strings

• cover abnormal high formation pressures

Intermediate Casing • isolate salt zones and problematic zones

• Isolate producing zone from other formations

Production Casing • Protect production tubing equipment

11
 Casing Seat Selection
Equivalent Mud Weight
ppg
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0 Casing Size Depth (mRT) PP (ppg) max MW (ppg) FG (ppg) OBG(ppg)

500
20" 630 8.8 9.2 12.4 15.3
1000 13-3/8” 1500 8.9 10 13.5 16.1
1500 9-5/8" 2200 13.4 13.6 15.5 17.5
2000 7" 2250 13.8 15.5 15.8 17.8

2500
5-1/2" 3725 14.8 15.8 16.2-16.8 18.2
3000

3500

4000

Pore Pressure Fracture Gradient

Safety Margin For Pore Pressure Safety Margin For Fracture Gradient
Overburden Gradient
12
 Casing Design
Casing Design includes of
• Consideration of hole problems
• Determining Pressure Loads (Burst and Collapse Pressures)
• Selection casing grades and sizes based on pressure loads
• Consideration of Kick Tolerance

Determining Pressure Loads

Burst Pressure Collapse Pressure
(loads supplied by fluids inside the casing) (loads supplied by fluids on the outside of the casing)

nothing seawater nothing

gas

13
 Pressure Loads Calculations
Burst Pressure Calculation
Bottom hole pressure = 0.052 × pore pressure × TVD
Gas pressure = 0.1 × TVD
Burst Pressure = Bottom hole pressure – gas pressure
Example. For 5 𝟏Τ𝟐” casing,
Bottom hole pressure = 0.052 × 14.8 × (3750 × 3.281) =
9468 psi
Gas Pressure = 0.1 × (3725 × 3.281) = 1222.17 psi
Burst Pressure = 9405 - 1222.17 = 8246 psi = 56.9 MPa
Collapse Pressure Calculation
Seawater density = 1.03 sg = 1.03 × 8.345 = 8.6 ppg
Collapse pressure = 0.052 × 8.6 × TVD
For 5 𝟏Τ𝟐” casing,
Collapse pressure = 0.052 × 8.6 × (3725 × 3.281) = 5465.56 psi = 37.68
MPa
And by looking in the drilling data handbook, the casing grade
that can withstand 56.9 MPa (Burst Pressure) and 37.68 MPa
(Collapse Pressure) is P110 with wall thickness 0.361 in.
14
 Casing Design

Size Collapse
Grade Burst Pressure
OD ID Pressure

20" 0.635 T95 924.38 739

13-3/8" 0.43 T95 2200 1785

9-5/8" 0.395 P110 3228 4308

7" 0.317 P110 3301 4559

5-1/2" 0.361 P110 5502 8246

Note : If 9-5/8” casing must be set shallower, 7” liner is to be set as contingency.

15
 Drilling Fluid Selection
Control formation
pressures
Minimize corrosion of the
drill string, casing and Clean the hole bottom
tubing
Purposes of drilling
fluids
Minimize torque, drag and
Cool and lubricate the bit
pipe sticking

Maintain hole integrity

16
 Drilling Fluid Selection
General Procedures for planning a Mud Program
• Obtain pore pressures and casing program.
• Look for geological hazards beginning with the deepest hole section.
• Set mud weights.
• Select mud types by interval, trying to match one interval to the next.
• Determine material requirements.
• Develop contingency plans for kicks, hole trouble, etc.
• Line up supply of water, chemicals, etc.
Types of Drilling Fluids

Water-Based Fluids Oil-Based Fluids

• Most commonly used • Base Fluid is expensive compare to WBF
• Base fluid is cheap and easy to get • Base fluid can be environmental-friendly by
• Requires large amount of additives to obtain using synthetic oil as base fluid
desire properties • Doesn’t require large amount of additives to
obtain desire properties

17
 Drilling Fluid Selection
Equivalent Mud Weight
Depth (mRT) Hole Section mud weight
ppg
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0

630
500 26" 9.2 ppg (1.08 sg)
1000
1500
17-1/2" 10 ppg (1.2 sg)
1500
Depth

2000 2200 10.4 - 13.4 ppg

12-1/4"
(1.25 - 1.58 sg)
2500

2250 13.6 - 15.2 ppg

3000 8-5/8"
(1.63 - 1.82 sg)
3500
3725
6-1/2" x 7-7/8" 16 ppg ( 1.92 sg)
4000

18
 Temperature
Hole size mud weight Lithology mud type pH
Gradient (deg C)

26" 9.2 ppg (1.08 sg) sand/shale seawater 45.2 9.5

17-1/2" 10 ppg (1.2 sg) sand/shale SBM 80

10.4 - 13.2 ppg
12-1/4" sand/shale SBM 108
(1.25 - 1.58 sg)
13.6 - 15.2 ppg
8-5/8" sand/shale SBM 128
(1.63 - 1.82 sg)
carbonate/
6-1/2" 16 ppg ( 1.92 sg) SBM 169
volcanic

For 26” section, drill with sea water and displace the hole with pad mud.

19
 Bit Selection
If there’s more than one
Bit option, select the suitable
Economic bit from economic point.

Mostly clay
and shale Decides upon the last
Formation Bit Bit Size casing diameter and
Carbonate
Type
Program next hole section
Formation

Bit Type

Roller Cutter Fixed Cutter

20
 Bit Selection
AA

shallow fault, potential shallow gas

Hole Section Depth (m-seabed) Formation Bit Type
Fault

AA
26" 533.2 AA Mill Tooth
1200

17-12" 1403.2 BB PDC, 5blades

BB building tendency

12-1/4" 2103.2 BB PDC. 5 blades

2200

CC total loss, caving observed, building tendency

2500
DD building tendency, caving observed.
8-5/8" 2603.2 CC PDC, 5blades
2700
2850 EE pipe stuck, fishing was not successful.

FF 6-1/2" x 7-7/8" 3628.2 FF PDC, 7 blades

Carbonate very hard formation, bit worn out easily

FF
3700

Note : TCI (bit code 721) is to be used in a backup case for FF formation.

21
 Drill Collar Selection
Why do we use drill collar?

To provide weight To hold the drill To provide

for the bit pipe straight pendulum effect

Procedures for selecting correct amount of drill collar

1) Decide the sizes and weights of drill collar with respect to bit sizes.
2) Determine the buoyancy factors of the drill collars with respect to bit sizes.
3) Calculate the required drill collar lengths with safety factor 0.85 to ensures the only
85% of the buoyed weigth of the drill collars is used.
4) Finally, determine the number of drill collars needed.

22
 Drill Collar Selection
For 8-5/8” bit, 6-1/2” drill collar is recommended. 6-1/2” drill collar with ID 3” ID is selected.

Drill Collar
Size OD = 6-1/2”
Size ID = 3”
Weight = 88.9 lb/ft
Weight on bit 8-3/8” bit = 12563 lbs
𝑚𝑢𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 ℎ𝑡
Buoyancy Factor = 1- = 0.7557
65.5
𝑊𝑂𝐵
Drill Collar Length = = 220 ft.
0.85 ×𝐵𝐹 ×𝐷𝐶 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 ℎ𝑡

Length of one drill collar = 30.8 ft.

Number of drill collars needed = 7 joints
23
 Drill Collar Selection
Drill Collar Size
Bit Size WOB Drill Collar Weight Drill Collar No. of
Bit Type Buoyancy Factor (inch)
(inch) (lbs) (lb/ft) Length (ft) joints
ID OD
26" mill tooth 39,000 0.8595 3-3/4" 9-3/4" 216.5 246.57 8

17-1/2" PDC 26,250 0.8473 3-1/2" 9-1/2" 208.5 174.81 6

12-1/4" PDC 18375 0.7984 3-1/2" 9-1/2" 208.5 129.86 5

8-5/8" PDC 12938 0.7679 3-1/4" 6" 164.9 120.21 5

6-1/2" PDC 9750 0.7588 2" 4-1/2" 49.6 304.7 9

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 Rig Sizing and Selection
The proper procedure for rig selection is to size or design the various loads
that will be placed on the equipment and to select the most cost-effective rig that
will satisfy these requirements.

Important aspects of rig design requirements

• Hoisting System
• Rotating System
• Circulation System
• Tubular Goods
• Pressure Control
• Derrick Capacity and Substructure
• Total power requirements

25
 Rig Sizing and Selection
Land Rigs Bottom-supported Rigs Floater Rigs

Fixed Configurations Mobile Rigs

Gravity-Based Structures Jacket Tension Leg Platforms Jack-up Spar

• water depth rating

• exploratory vs development drilling
• availability and cost

Image reference to ResearchGate 26