Philosophical Perspectives

Prof. Kumar Neeraj Sachdev

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
6168-F
 Philosophical Perspective
• A philosophical perspective begins in response to
questions such as “who am I?” “from where the world has
come to be?” “does god exist?” “how do I know?” “is
there a difference between good and bad?” and the like.
• A philosophical perspective is an observer’s perspective.
• It is a rational point of view of a thinker about a general
concern such as truth, reality, god, soul, values, nature etc.
• It has its origin in man’s sense of wonder; one tends to get
surprised to experience everything or anything to begin
with that philosophical questions emerge in his or her
mind of their own accord – Ex. A ball and a cat.
• There are, possibly, two reasons to philosophize, namely
curiosity and intellectual autonomy.
 Philosophical Perspectives

• The Ancient
• The Modern
• The Contemporary
 Quotes
• The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to
a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the
mind.
- Sigmund Freud

• Most people do not really want freedom,

because freedom involves responsibility, and
most people are frightened of responsibility.
- Sigmund Freud
 The Contemporary
• Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
• Psychoanalysis: A philosophical perspective of human mind and a
therapy to cure mental disorders

• Id (Pleasure Principle),
• Ego (Reality Principle), and
• Superego (Moral Principle)

• Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious

• Dream Analysis
• Rationalization
• Projection
 Quotes
• Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the
world, he is responsible for everything he does.
- Jean-Paul Sartre

• As far as men go, it is not what they are that interests me, but
what they can become.
- Jean-Paul Sartre

• Commitment is an act, not a word.

- Jean-Paul Sartre
 The Contemporary
• Existentialism is a point of view giving primacy to human
existence before any defining factor of human existence.
• Jean Paul Sartre (1905 – 1980)

• Man is condemned to be free.

• Existence; human existence; existence precedes essence;

being in itself and being for itself; being for others; the
individual; facticity; bad faith; authenticity; anxiety –
absence of and threat to meaning

• Freedom and value; individual choice and responsibility;

responsibility goes beyond pleasure or comfort of the
individual; subjective commitment
Thank You.