WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES?

 THE SHAKING AND TREMBLING BY SUDDEN RELEASE OF

ENERGY.

 USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH FAULTING OR BREAKING OF

ROCKS.
 STUDYING EARTHQUAKES
SEISMOLOGY – THE STUDY OF EARTHQUAKE AND WAVES THEY
CREATE.

SEISMOLOGIST – SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY AND MEASURE

EARTHQUAKES TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THEM
AND USE THEM FOR GEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY.
 ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY
 EXPLAINS HOW ENERGY STORED ON ROCKS.

 ROCKS BEND UNTIL THE STRENGHT OF THE ROCK EXCEEDED.

 RUPTURE OCCURS AND ROCKS QUICKLY REBOUND TO AN

UNDEFORMED SHAPE.

 ENERGY IS RELEASED IN WAVES THAT RADIATE OUTWARD

FROM THE FAULT.
ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY
 WHERE DO EARTHQUAKES OCCUR AND
HOW OFTEN?
 ABOUT 80% OF ALL EARTHQUAKES OCCUR IN THE PACIFIC
RING OF FIRE.
 PHILIPPINES IS ONE OF THE ASIAN CONTRIES LOCATED INSIDE
THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE WHICH IS MORE PRONE TO
EARTHQUAKES.
 TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
 TECTONIC EARTHQUAKES - OCCURS WHEN ROCKS IN THE
EARTH’S CRUST BREAK DUE TO GEOLOGICAL FORCES CREATED
BY MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC PLATES.
 VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKES - OCCURS IN CONJUNCTION WITH
VOLCANIC ACTIVITY.
 EXPLOSIVE EARTHQUAKES - RESULT FROM THE EXPLOSION
FORM NUCLEAR AND CHEMICAL DEVICES.
 COLLAPSED EARTHQUAKE - ARE SMALL EARTHQUAKES IN
UNDERGROUND CAVERNS AND MINES.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF EARTHQUAKES
 EARTHQUAKES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
FOLLOWING BASES:

(A.) SOURCE MECHANISM/ CAUSE OF ORIGIN.

(B.) DEPTH OF FOCUS.

(C.) INTENSITY AND MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKE.

 SOURCE MECHANISM
 TECTONIC – EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WHEN THE PLATES MOVE
AGAINST ONE ANOTHER. THIS MOVEMENT CAN CREATE
STRESS THAT CAUSES THE EARTH’S EXTERIOR SHELL, THE
LITHOSPHERE, TO SHIFT OR BREAK.

 NON-TECTONIC EARTHQUAKES - THE NON-TECTONIC

EATHQUAKES ARE MAINLY OF THE THREE TYPES DUE TO
CAUSES, VOLCANIC CAUSES AND COLLAPSE OF CAVITY ROOFS.
 TECTONIC EARTHQUAKES
 APRIL 2019 LUZON EARTHQUAKE
A 6.1 magnitude earthquake struck the island of Luzon in
the Philippines, leaving at least 18 dead, 3 missing and injuring
at least 256 others. Despite the fact that the epicenter was
in Zambales, most of the damage to infrastructure occurred in
the neighboring province of Pampanga, which suffered
damage to 29 buildings and structures.
The fault from which the earthquake originated is yet to be
determined, with geologists focusing on two nearby fault
systems, the Iba Fault and the East Zambales Fault, trying to
ascertain the source of the earthquake.
CHUZON SUPERMARKET
Emilio Aguinaldo College - MANILA
A 10-story building of Emilio Aguinaldo College along United
Nations Avenue in Manila was reported to have tilted and
leaned onto the adjacent building, causing its fiberglass
terrace to hit the other building.
 COTABATO EARTHQUAKES (2019)
 Mindanao lies across the complex convergent
boundary between the Sunda Plate and the Philippine
Sea Plate. Part of the oblique convergence between these
plates is taken up by suduction along the Cotabato
Trench. The strike-slip component of the convergence is
accommodated partly by the Philippine Fault System and
partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a series of NW-SE
trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form
the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central
Mindanao Volcanic Belt.
OCTOBER 16, 2019
 The 6.3 magnitude earthquake was a result of sinistral
movement on a NW-SE trending strike-slip fault.
OCTOBER 29, 2019
 The 6.6-magnitude earthquake struck the island of Mindanao
in the Philippines at a depth of 14.1 km. This earthquake was
caused by movement on a different, but related, strike-slip
fault to the October 16 event.
OCTOBER 31, 2019
 The 6.6-magnitude earthquake struck the island of Mindanao
in the Philippines at a depth of 14.1 km. Some buildings
in Davao and Soccksargen were seriously damaged and some
collapsed. The death toll of these two quakes (October 29 and
31) was raised to 24, with more than 500 people injured, and 2
still missing. More than 300 aftershocks were recorded after
the earthquake.
EVA’S HOTEL
AFTER SERIES OF EARTHQUAKES, OCTOBER 16,29, and 31, 2019
EVA’S HOTEL COLLAPSED
 MAGNITUDE 1.9 EARTHQUAKE
OCCURRED IN PALAWAN!
 NOVEMBER 08, 2019, EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED OFF THE
COAST OF BUSUANGA, PALAWAN AT 8:50AM. ITS ORIGIN IS
TECTONIC
 THIS IS RARE EVENT, PALAWAN IS CONSIDERED TO BE ZONE 2,
THE ONLY PLACE IN THE PHILIPPINES THAT IS NOT AFFECTED
BY EARTHQUAKES.
 THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY:
MESINA, IAN V.
ROSARITO, JAYSON S.