THE NATURE OF

PERFORMANCE–BASED
ASSESSMENT
William Glasser once said:

“We learn…
• 10% of what we read
• 20% of what we hear
• 30% of what we see
• 50% of what we see and hear
• 70% of what we experience with others
• 80% of what we experience personally
• And 95% of what we teach someone else.
 What is Performance –
Based Assessment (PBA)?

 In general, a performance-
based assessment measures
students' ability to apply the
skills and knowledge
learned from a unit or units
of study.
 What is Performance –
Based Assessment (PBA)?
 The task challenges students to use
their higher-order thinking skills to
create a product or complete a
process (Chun, 2010).

 Tasks can range from a simple

constructed response (e.g.,
short answer) to a complex
design project proposal.
 What is Performance –
Based Assessment (PBA)?

The most genuine

assessments require students
to complete a task that
closely mirrors the
responsibilities of a
professional, e.g., artist,
engineer, laboratory
technician, financial analyst,
or consumer advocate.
 What is Performance –
Based Assessment (PBA)?

 is an alternative form of
assessment that moves
away from traditional
paper - and -pencil tests
(Ferman, 2005).
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT

• Emphasizes higher-level thinking and more complex

learning – Big Picture Learning

• Articulate criteria in advance so that students know how

they will be evaluated

• Embed assessments so firmly in the curriculum that they

are practically indistinguishable from instruction
 TYPES OF
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENTS

o Teacher Observations o Open Response Questions

o Peer Observations o Essays
o Self-Observations o Journals
o Game Play & Modified o Student Projects
Game Play
o Student Performances
o Role Plays
o Student Logs
o Event Tasks
o Portfolios
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Teacher Observations
• Judge the quality of student performance
and provide descriptive feedback.
• Checklist of performance elements
coupled with descriptive observation.
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Peer Observations
• Checklists or rubrics
• Personal teacher or trainer
• Observation can become part of a student
portfolio
• Can be used to assess higher levels of learning
• Self Observations
• Provides opportunities for the meta-cognitive
process
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Game Play & Modified Game Play

• Done while students are engaged in playing a
sport or activity.
• Psychomotor skills, knowledge of rules, use of
strategy, teamwork (dependent upon the
rubric or scoring guide)
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Role Plays (Live, Videotaped, Written)

• Scenarios developed by the teacher to assess
some components of PE or PA.
• Valuable for evaluating the affective domain
(being sensitive to diverse learners, teamwork and
cooperation, creating a safe and nurturing
environment.)
• Problem-solving and decision-making
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?
• Event Tasks
• Single class or less that usually includes psychomotor
activity
• Game play, dance compositions, routines, game creation
• Adventure education event tasks
• Open Response Questions
• A writing alternative to assess knowledge
• They require complex or higher-order thinking to
respond because they usually analyze something,
propose a solution, or solve a problem
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?
• Essays
• Must have a realistic purpose, an audience, and usually a product
• Tasks are open-ended giving students a variety of ways to answer
the challenge
• Journals
• Opportunity to look at affective domain components
• Specific question or focus might help determine when a a student
struggles with a new skill, feels competence, feels a sense of
teamwork, etc.
• Self-assessment of certain skills, and cognitive knowledge of
critical elements
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?
• Student Projects
• Require time, and work outside of regularly scheduled class
• Most projects call for students to produce some type of
concrete product
• (Choreograph and videotape an aerobics routine, create a piece
of equipment designed to exercise a muscle group, job
shadowing to develop ways to increase a person’s physical
activity)
• Student Performances
• Frequently produces something that makes the student proud
• All instruction geared towards successful completion
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?
• Student Logs
• Record of practice trials or time spent
• Can be used in and out of class
• Charts or recording sheets used to show improvement
• Documentation for homework, practice, out of class activities
(parental sign-off)
• Portfolios
• Collections of materials or artifacts that demonstrate student
learning and competence
• Working (collection of student work and examples of
achievement)
• Evaluation (turned in for assessment); students use narratives to
explain the selected pieces
 TYPES OF
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENTS

o Solving a problem o Capstone Performance

o Completing an inquiry
o Determining a position
o Demonstration task
o Presentation task
o Developing exhibits
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Solving a problem. Critical thinking and problem solving are

important skills that need to be sharpened and developed by
the learners.
• Completing an inquiry. An inquiry tasks is one in which the
students are asked to collect data in order to develop their
own understanding about a topic or issue.
• Determining a position. This task requires students to make
decision or clarify a position.
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Demonstration Task. This task shows how the

students use knowledge and skills to complete
well - defined complex tasks.

• Developing Exhibits. Exhibits are visual

presentations or displays that need little or no
explanation from the creators.
 What do Performance-Based
Assessments look like?

• Presentation Task. This is a work or task

performed in front of an audience.

• Capstone Performances. These are tasks that

occur at the end of a program of study and enable
students to show knowledge and skills in the
context that matches the world of practicing
professionals.
 STRENGTHS
and LIMITATIONS
 STRENGTHS OF PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT

• Performance assessment clearly identifies and clarifies

learning targets.

• Performance assessments allows students to exhibit their

own skills, talents, and expertise.

• Performance assessment advocates Constructivist

Principle of learning.
 STRENGTHS OF PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT

• Performance assessment uses a variety

of approaches to student evaluation.

• Performance assessment allows the

teachers to explore the main goal and
processes of teaching and learning
process.
 LIMITATIONS OF PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT
1. Development of high quality performance assessment is a
tedious process.
2. Performance assessment requires a considerable amount of
time to administer.
3. Performance assessment takes a great deal of time to
score.
4. Performance task score may have lower reliability.
5. Performance task completion may be discouraging to less
able students.
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 STRENGTHS
Integrates assessment with instruction.
Learning occurs during assessment.
Provides opportunities for formative assessment.
Tends to be more authentic than other types of
assessments.
More engaging; active involvement of students.
Provides additional way for students to show what
they know and can do.
Emphasis on reasoning skills.
Forces teachers to establish specific criteria to
identify successful performance.
Encourages student self - assessment.
Emphasis on application of knowledge.
WEAKNESSES
Reliability may be difficult to establish.
Measurement error due to subjective nature of the
scoring may be significant.
Inconsistent student performance across time may
result in inaccurate conclusions.
Few samples of student achievement.
Requires considerable teacher time to prepare and
student time to complete.
Difficult to plan for amount of time needed.
Limited ability to generalize to a larger domain of
knowledge.