Activity 1

In each group, you will play a

BUSINESS MEETING. Every
member should have a role
inside the scenario. Make your
meeting as real as possible.
 Lesson 3
Purposeful Writing in
the Disciplines and
for Professions
Fisher and Frey (2008)
Students of the21 stcentury
must be able to locate,
understand, evaluate, and use
written information in their
personal and academic lives.
PURPOSE: A Crucial Consideration in
Academic and Professional Writing

Every time you engage in writing

whether it is for academic
purposes or for the professional
field, it is a requirement that you
identify first your purpose.
PURPOSE: A Crucial Consideration in
Academic and Professional Writing

The objective of your writing would

define the contents, the
organization, level of vocabulary,
the language use and even
format of your written output.
PURPOSE: A Crucial Consideration in
Academic and Professional Writing

“The writer must decide what the

specific purpose of his report is
and make sure that every part of
his report contributes to that
purpose”, Mills and Walter (1978)
PURPOSE: A Crucial Consideration in
Academic and Professional Writing

“Does the final output realizes my

objective in writing?”
 FEATRES OF TEXTS ACROSS
DISCIPLINE

1. Book Review or Article Critique

2. Literature Review
 BOOK REVIEW OR
ARTICLE CRITIQUE
It is a form of literacy criticism in
which a book or article is analysed
in terms of its content, style, and
merit
 BOOK REVIEW OR
ARTICLE CRITIQUE
The length of the review may vary
from a single paragraph to a
complete essay which uses the
personal preferences of the writer.
 BOOK REVIEW OR
ARTICLE CRITIQUE
Three things in preparing a book
review:
1. Describes
2. Analyzes
3. Evaluates
 BOOK REVIEW OR
ARTICLE CRITIQUE
In writing a book review or article
critique, there are things which you
have to consider:
1. Before Reading
2. During reading
3. Writing Review
 BEFORE READING

1. TITLE
a. what does it suggest?
b. what is your knowledge about
the title
 BEFORE READING

2. PREFACE or INTRODUCTION
a. can you identify any limitations?
b. are there parts which the author
intentionally or unintentionally ignored?
 BEFORE READING

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
a. how the ideas organized?
b. what logical orders does it
follow?
 DURING READING
1. What is the genre or general field?
2. What is the author’s point of view?
3. Do you agree or disagree with it?
4. What passage or quotes can you later
cite in your review?
5. What is the author’s thesis statement or
main point?
 DURING READING
6. What is the author’s style – formal or
informal?
7. Is it suitable for the target reader?
8. Are the concepts well defined?
9. Is the language clear and convincing?
10. What areas are covered, not covered?
 DURING READING
11. How accurate is the information?
12. Is the author’s concluding chapter or
summary convincing?
13. If there are footnotes, do they provide
important information?
14. Do they clarify or extend points made
in the text?
 DURING READING

15. What did the book or article

accomplish? Compare this book or article
to those written by other authors.
 WRITING THE REVIEW
1. Include the author, place, publisher,
publication date, edition, pages.
2. Provide a good opening statement.
3. Write review of the book or article. Is
this the best article or book? Why or
why not?
 WRITING THE REVIEW
4. Include information about the
author – reputation, qualifications, and
etc.
5. Consider the target reader for your
review. Include information based on
the needs of the reader.
 WRITING THE REVIEW

6. Provide a good conclusion. It could

be a final assessment of the review.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review involves the

analysis of a story, or a fictitious
written text.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Three parts:
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. conclusion
 LITERATURE REVIEW
In writing a literature review, the ff. elements should be considered:
1. What was the story about?
2. Who were the main characters?
3. Were the characters credible?
4. What did the main characters do in the
story? How did they contribute to the
conflict in the story?
 LITERATURE REVIEW
5. What is the conflict in the story?
6. Could relate to any characters in the
story?
7. Did you like the story?
8. What is your favourite part of the story?
9. If you were to write the ending of the
story, how would you do it?
 LITERATURE REVIEW

10. Would you recommend this story to

others? Why or why not?
 RESEARCH REPORT

It is often used in the sciences,

engineering, and psychology.
 RESEARCH REPORT

Its main aim is to present the

research in a manner that the
readers can easily understand the
report – what it is all about, its
purpose, and the result.
 RESEARCH REPORT

The report contains the

presentation of a research
conducted in a particular field.
 RESEARCH REPORT

It is done to recommend solutions

to an identified problem for the
target entities.
 RESEARCH REPORT
The main objective of a research
report is to communicate to the
readers the conducted research in
the most understandable way
possible, so it uses a specific
format.
 PROJECT PROPOSAL

A proposal contains proposed

solution to an identified problem.
 PROJECT PROPOSAL
Writing a proposal entails
audience analysis simply because
you as a writer has to identify your
best argumentative strategy in
order to win over the approval of
the readers.
 PROJECT PROPOSAL

A formal project proposal uses the

format:
1. Introduction
2. Body, and
3. Conclusion
 PROJECT PROPOSAL

INTRODUCTION:

-contains background of the study

-includes the rationale, objectives,
and benefits
 PROJECT PROPOSAL
INTRODUCTION:

-contains the project description

which outlines how the problem
would be addressed
 PROJECT PROPOSAL
INTRODUCTION: Project Description

1. Methodology
2. Schedule
3. Budget
 PROJECT PROPOSAL
Parts of an informal project
proposal:
1. Introduction
2. Discussion, and
3. Conclusion
It comes in a form of a memo, letter or e-mail
 POSITION PAPER
Position papers are written with
a purpose of presenting your
personal stance on an issue
and try to persuade the
readers to take on your side.
 POSITION PAPER
In winning the readers over,
you take on the challenge of
supporting your stance with a
sound and logical arguments
supported by valid evidences.
 POSITION PAPER
Two Kinds of Readers:
1. One whom you share the
same values
2. One who has opposite
beliefs
 POSITION PAPER
Basic Components:
1. A well-defined issue
2. A clear personal position about the
issue
3. A convincing argument
4. Reasonable tone
 POSITION PAPER
FIRST STEP: Exploring and
Researching about the issue
You have to explore the issue by
determining the pros and cons to
identify the possible readers for your
paper.
 POSITION PAPER
SECOND STEP: Consider
Purpose and Audience
1. What argumentative strategies should I
use?
2. How do they define the issue
3. What is their level of acceptance or
rejection of the issue.
 POSITION PAPER
THIRD STEP: Testing your Choice
and Developing your Reasoning
1. Does this topic really interest me?
2. Is this topic completed in the time allotted?
In developing, you have to list your reasons for
your position statement. Identify the strongest
and weakest position.
 POSITION PAPER
THIRD STEP: Testing your Choice
and Developing your Reasoning
1. Does this topic really interest me?
2. Is this topic completed in the time allotted?
In developing, you have to list your reasons for
your position statement. Identify the strongest
and weakest position.
 POSITION PAPER
FOURTH STEP: Anticipating Counter
Arguments and Restating your Thesis
Statement
You have to list down the counter
argument. Begin analysing each counter
argument & refute each one.
 POSITION PAPER

FIFTH STEP: Drafting your Paper

Begin drafting your format, by using the

format: introduction, body, and
conclusion.
 PROFESSIONAL
CORRESPONDENCE

It is defined as the exchange of

information in a written format for
the business activities.
 PROFESSIONAL
CORRESPONDENCE
It can be a message coming from
one company sent to another
company, inter-office
communication, or message
between the clients and
organization.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
BUSINESS LETTER
1. Simplicity 6. Courteous
2. Conversational 7. Sincere
Style 8. Coherence
3. Clarity of goal 9. Conciseness
4. Public Relation
5. The “YOU”
Attitude
 SIMPLICITY

The letter should be written using a

very simple language. It should be
devoid of highfaluting words so
that it will be easy for the readers
to understand
 CONVERSATIONAL STYLE

Writing a business letter uses a

face-to-face conversational style.
It is written as if the sender directly
talks to the receiver.
 CLARITY OF GOAL

The writer has, to begin with, be

very clear of his goal in writing. The
contents of the letter would be
highly dependent on the purpose
of the writer.
 PUBLIC RELATION

In writing the business letter, the

goodwill and image of the
organization should be reflected in
the letter. The letter carries with it
the entire organization.
 THE “YOU” ATTITUDE

The “you” attitude simply means

putting the reader’s point of view
in mind in writing the letter. It has
to show that the central focus of
the letter is the reader’s interest.
 COURTEOUS

It is not all the time that a letter

contain positive message. In
delivering negative messages, the
writer should possess courtesy and
politeness.
 COURTEOUS

In terms of asking a favour from

the reader, utmost care in delivery
should be done. The writer has to
carefully choose his words for this
purpose.
 SINCERE

The has to feel the sincerity of the

writer in the letter. This is done by
using words which show genuine
concern for the readers.
 COHERENCE

In the letter, there are different

ideas presented. The writer has to
link together all the ideas in such a
way that the entire paper is
coherent.
 CONCISENESS

Brevity is the key in letter writing.

But all the needed information by
the reader should be presented.
Conciseness should not sacrifice
the completeness of letter.
 PARTS OF THE BUSINESS
LETTER
1. Heading Complimentary
2. Date line Closing
3. Inside address 7. Signature Line
4. Salutation 8. Notations
5. Body
6. Closing or
 FORMAT OF THE LETTER
1. Semi-Block Style
2. Full Block Style
3. Modifies Block Style
4. Indented Form or Traditional Form
5. Hanging Style
6. Memorandum Style
SEMI
-
BLOCK
STYLE
FULL
BLOCK
STYLE
MODIFIED

BLOCK
STYLE
INDENTED
FORM or
TRADITION
AL FORM
HANGING
STYLE
MEMORAN
DUM STYLE
 KINDS OF BUSINESS
CORRESPONDENCE
1. Sales Letter
2. Letter of Inquiry
3. Letter Making a Reservation
4. Order Letter
5. Letter of Resignation
6. Letter of Reference/Recommendation
 KINDS OF BUSINESS
CORRESPONDENCE
7. Letter of Acceptance
8. Letter of Refusal
9. Letter of Collection
10. Letter of Complaint
11. Letter of Adjustment
12. Memorandum
 SALES LETTER

A sales letter offers a product or service

to the potential clients. It has to include
good persuasive language in order to
attract buyers or patronizers.
 SALES LETTER
Sales letter should include the ff:
1. Attracting the Attention of the
reader
2. Arousing Interest and Desire
3. Convincing the Reader
4. Issuing a Challenges
ATTRACTING THE ATTENTION
OF THE READER
The introductory part of the letter
serves a huge function in attaining its
goal. It has to capture the attention of
the reader to continue reading until
the conclusion part.
 AROUSING INTEREST AND
DESIRE
In this step, the writer has to focus on
the good points of the product or
service. If the reader sees how he can
benefit from it, his interest and desire
would be stirred to finally give in to
your offer.
 CONVINCING THE READER
You have to use expert’s opinion,
statistics and other facts to support
your goal. Other strategies in
convincing the clients are using
testimonies from avid clients, or giving
sample products.
 ISSUING A CHALLENGE

This is finally stimulating the buyer to

act. This involves finally asking them to
avail of the product or services. You
may use strategies like giving discounts
or promotions on limited duration.
 LETTER OF INQUIRY

This letter is used to inquire pertinent

information on a specific subject. This
topic includes any information about
the product, services, or policies of the
company.
 LETTER OF INQUIRY
Parts of the Letter of Inquiry are:
1. Purpose of your letter and your inquiry
2. Brief introduction about yourself and
organization you represent, if any; and
3. Courteous closing remarks and
expectation to hear from the receiver.
 LETTER MAKING A
RESERVATION
The main purpose of this letter is to place
a reservation or order for a product or
services in a company. Normally, a letter
of reservation is short so make sure that
you included all the information about a
particular service or product you want to
avail of.
 ORDER LETTER
An order letter is a very simple letter. It only
includes all the pertinent information
about the product or services you want to
avail which includes the quantity and the
description. You also have to include
specific details in terms of payment
preferred or required by the company.
 LETTER OF RESIGNATION

This letter is written by the employee

addressed to the employer with an
intention of terminating your bond of
employer – employee relationship with
the company.
 LETTER OF RESIGNATION
Normally, this letter is composed of:
1. Your objective;
2. Your appreciation being part of the
company; and
3. An appropriate closing strategy and
your intention to still work with the
company in the future.
 LETTER OF REFERENCE/
RECOMMENDATION
This letter is written by a person who
provides a character reference to a
person usually a job applicant. The
writer should have known the person
for quite a while for him to be qualified
to give recommendation
 LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE

It is a positive message given to a

request or offer.
 LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE

This letter composes of the following components:

1. Statement of what is being
accepted;
2. Details of the acceptance; and
3. An appropriate closing remarks.
 LETTER OF REFUSAL
It contains a negative statement. It
includes statements which formally
announce a decline or rejection of any
offer or proposal. Since this letter possess a
bad news, it has to be stated directly and
written with courtesy.
 LETTER OF REFUSAL

This contains:
1. Statement of what is being refused
or rejected;
2. Justification of the refusal or
rejection
 LETTER OF COLLECTION
This letter is written primarily with a purpose
of informing the reader on his/her financial
obligations and to remit the payment. The
writer has the challenge to achieve the
objective but still maintaining the god
relationship with the reader.
 LETTER OF COLLECTION
This letter contains:
1. General reminder to settle due accounts;
2. Specify the outstanding amount needed
to be settled; and
3. Specify that it is a general reminder letter
and should be disregarded in case
payment was made already
 LETTER OF COMPLAINT

It is a formal written communication of

any dissatisfaction on products or
services. Part of this letter’s objective is
a replacement of product or a
reimbursement.
 LETTER OF COMPLAINT
This letter contains:
1. Description of the complaint;
2. Suggest a solution to the complaint
made; and
3. Statement of expectation for
immediate response to the complaint.
 LETTER OF ADJUSTMENT
It is a letter in response to the letter of
complaint. It is usually contains the
logical and reasonable answer for the
complaint given by the client. Its main
objective is to pacify and address the
concerns of the complaints.
 LETTER OF ADJUSTMENT
This letter contains:
1. Appreciation of the client’s effort to relay the
concerns;
2. Expression of regret on the complaints and
dissatisfaction in the product or services.
3. Statement of the reasons or justification for the
complaints; and
4. Presentation of alternatives or solutions for the
complaints.
 MEMORANDUMS

A memorandum or memo is
correspondence used to disseminate
information from one department to
another department.
 MEMORANDUMS
The principal parts of a memo are:
1. Date
2. To
3. From
4. Subject
5. The contents or message
 BUSINESS REPORTS

These are business presentations which

are written for specific functions. These
are written to propose a new idea, to
persuade the readers into something,
or to merely give information.
 BUSINESS REPORTS

This report has the following content:

1. The purpose or function
2. Presentation of ideas
3. The coverage or extent
 INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

One type of business reports which

provide the employees and manager’s
feedback regarding company
decisions.
 INFORMATIONAL REPORTS
Informational reports contain both positive and
negative messages.
Indirect Approach- providing first an
introduction to ready the reader before
receiving the negative message.
Direct Approach- involves stating directly the
positive message without the need for an
introductory paragraph.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

1. Comparison – showing similarities

and differences (or advantages and
disadvantages) between two or more
entities.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

2. Importance – building up from the

least important to the most important.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

3. Sequence – organizing the steps or

stages in a process or procedure.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

4. Chronology – organizing a chain of

events in order from oldest to newest.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

5. Geography – organizing by region,

city, state, country.
TOPICAL ORGANIZATION FOR
INFORMATIONAL REPORTS

6. Category – grouping by topical

category such as sales, profit, cost, or
investment.
BUSINESS REPORTS ACDG. TO
FORM OR ORGANIZATION
I. Long or Formal Report
1. Preliminary Section
a. title page
b. letter or memo of transmittal
c. table of contents
d. list of illustration
e. Summary
BUSINESS REPORTS ACDG. TO
FORM OR ORGANIZATION
2. Body
a. introduction
b. procedures
c. findings
d. analysis
e. conclusions
k. recommendations
BUSINESS REPORTS ACDG. TO
FORM OR ORGANIZATION

2. Supplementary Section
a. Glossary
b. Appendix
c. Bibliography
BUSINESS REPORTS ACDG. TO
FORM OR ORGANIZATION
II. Short or Informal Reports
1. Introduction (Opening paragraph
strategy)
2. Body (ideas, information, statistics,
graphs, etc.)
3. Conclusion (summary, conclusion,
moving the reader into action)
 MINUTES OF THE MEETING

It is the recorded flow of the

meeting. It is written to put into
writing everything that transpired
on the duration of the meeting.
 MINUTES OF THE MEETING

The minutes of the meeting serves

as a guide for the succeeding
meetings to come.
 MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Specific Format
1. Opening
a. Name of the Organization
b. Title of the meeting
c. Attendees
d. Time (start of the meeting)
e. Opening prayer
 MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Specific Format
2. Body
a. Objective of the meeting
b. Certification of Quorum / Call to
order
c. Points of Clarification and Discussion/
decision
 MINUTES OF THE MEETING

Specific Format

3. Adjournment (end time)

a. Name of recorder
 RESUME
It serves as your marketing tool in order to
land a good job. It outlines your
education, qualifications and
achievements. The employer will base the
decision whether or not you will be
accepted in the company.
 RESUME
Parts of the Resume:
1. Personal Information
2. Work Experience
3. Educational Background
4. Seminars / Training Attended
5. Character references
 APPLICATION FOR
EMPLOYENT

It is used together with the resume. It is

used to convey your intention to apply
for the vacant position in the
company.
 APPLICATION FOR
EMPLOYENT
1. State when and where you learned about
the vacant position
2. Indicate your intention to apply for the
vacant job
3. Indicate the knowledge, qualifications, ad
skills relevant for the job
4. 4. state the time availability for possible call
back.