OVARIAN

CANCER
SUBTITLE
 WHATIS OVARIAN CANCER

▪ Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of
control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other
parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
▪ The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs.
They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
 EPIDEMIOLOGY

Geographic Epidemiology-
▪ The highest age-adjusted incidence rates are observed in
developed parts of the world, including North America and Central
and Eastern Europe, with rates generally exceeding 8 per 100,000
▪ Within the United States, racial differences in incidence and
mortality mimic the observed international variation with rates
highest among Whites, intermediate for Hispanics, and lowest
among Blacks, and Asians4.
 EPIDEMIOLOGY

Genetic Epidemiology
One of the most significant risk factors for OC is a family history of
the disease.
First-degree relatives of probands have a 3- to 7-fold increased risk,
especially if multiple relatives are affected, and at an early age of
onset
Majority of hereditary cases and 10%–15% of all cases. Data from
the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium suggest the risk of OC
through age 70 years is up to 44% inBRCA1 families and
approaches 27% inBRCA2 families.
 CAUSES & SYMPTOMS

▪ abdominal bloating , pressure, and pain

▪ abnormal fullness after eating
▪ difficulty eating
▪ an increase in urination
▪ an increased urge to urinate
▪ Ovarian cancer can also cause other symptoms
such as:
▪ fatigue
▪ Indigestion
 CAUSES & SYMPTOMS Cont..

▪ heartburn
▪ constipation
▪ back pain
▪ menstrual irregularities
▪ painful intercourse
▪ Dermatomyositis
(a rare inflammatory disease that can
cause skin rash, muscle weakness,

and inflamed muscles )

 TYPES OF OVARIAN CANCER

The ovaries are made up of three types of cells. Each cell can develop into a
different type of tumor:
▪ Epithelial tumors form in the layer of tissue on the outside of the ovaries.
About 90 percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial tumors
▪ Stromal tumors grow in the hormone-producing cells. Seven percent of
ovarian cancers are stromal tumors.
▪ Germ cell tumors develop in the egg-producing cells. Germ cell tumors are
rare.
 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE RATE

▪ Number of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000: The number of

new cases of ovarian cancer was 11.4 per 100,000 women per
year. The number of deaths was 7.0 per 100,000 women per year.
These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2012-2016 cases and
deaths.
▪ Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer: Approximately 1.3 percent of
women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer at some point during
their lifetime, based on 2014-2016 data.
▪ Prevalence of This Cancer: In 2016, there were an estimated
229,875 women living with ovarian cancer in the United States.
 PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE IN INDIA

According to The cancer incidence data collected by 27 Population

Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs)
▪ In majority of the registries, the Ovarian cancer ranked as 3rd
most common cancer. About 50% of the total cases occurs
between 45 - 65 years of age.
▪ The age specific incidence rates increases sharply with every ten
years rise after the age of 35 years. In 84.2% of the cases the
mode of identification was microscopic.
▪ The most preferred type of treatment was surgery plus
chemotherapy (56.2%). It is estimated that in India by the year
2020, the incidence of Ovarian cancer cases will be around 36200
and the prevalent cases will be around 100,000
 INDUSTRY TREND

The global ovarian cancer diagnostics market is predicted to grow

with a CAGR of 8.7% and be worth nearly US$ 1 billion in 2022,
from less than US$ 640 million in 2017.
 KEY TRENDS

CT Scan Segment is Expected to Register Robust Growth

▪ Computed Tomography (CT) is an imaging procedure that uses special X-ray
equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body. It is also
called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT).
▪ These equipment do not show small ovarian tumors well, but they can see larger
tumors, and may be able to see if the tumor is growing into nearby structures.
▪ It can also find the enlarged lymph nodes, signs of cancer spread to liver or other
organs, or signs that an ovarian tumor is affecting the kidneys or bladder.
Competitive Analysis: Global Ovarian Cancer Drug Market
▪ Global ovarian cancer drug market is highly fragmented and the major players have
used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements,
joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in
this market. The report includes market shares of ovarian cancer drug market for
Global, Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, South America and Middle East &
Africa.
Key Market Players: Global Ovarian Cancer Drug Market
▪ Few of the major competitors currently working in the ovarian cancer market are
Allergan Plc, AstraZeneca, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pfizer Inc., Merck KGaA,
Syndax, Clovis Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH,
GlaxoSmithKline plc, Exelixis, Inc., DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., AbbVie Inc.,
Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB, TESARO, Inc., Amgen, Inc., and among others.
Treatment Modalities
Typically, treatment plans are based on the type of ovarian cancer, its stage, and any special situations. Most women with ovarian cancer will
have some type of surgery to remove the tumor.
Depending on the type of ovarian cancer and how advanced it is, you might need other types of treatment as well, either before or after
surgery, or sometimes both.

•Treatment of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancers, by Stage

•Treatment for Epithelial Tumors of Low Malignant Potential
•Treatment for Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary
•Treatment for Stromal Tumors of the Ovary, by Stage
Local treatments
Some treatments are local, meaning they treat the tumor without
affecting the rest of the body.
Types of local therapy used for ovarian cancer include:
•Surgery for Ovarian Cancer
•Radiation Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Systemic treatments
Drugs used to treat ovarian cancer are
considered systemic therapies because they can
reach cancer cells almost anywhere in the body.
They can be given oral or intravenous
Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
Hormone Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Targeted Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Common Compounds

•Albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel, Abraxane®)

•Altretamine (Hexalen®)
•Capecitabine (Xeloda®)
•Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®)
•Etoposide (VP-16)
•Gemcitabine (Gemzar®)
•Ifosfamide (Ifex®)
•Irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar®)
•Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®)
•Melphalan
•Pemetrexed (Alimta®)
•Topotecan
•Vinorelbine (Navelbine®
Quercetin is one of the phytochemicals that is widely found in foods consumed daily. This polyphenol
compound widely exists in nuts, teas, vegetables, herbs and generally daily diet of people. Also, it is
available as commercial supplement. It is safe at oral dosages of 1 g/day
Quercetin do not harm healthy cells, it has been identified to be cytotoxic to cancer cells via various
mechanisms suggesting to be an ideal agent for ovarian cancer treatment or an adjuvant agent in
combination with other anti-cancer drugs
 Discoveries

673A, a potent inhibitor of the ALDH1A family," The researchers showed that this drug efficiently
killed cancer stem-like cells in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Since [cancer stem-like cells] have been implicated in chemotherapy resistance, we investigated the
effects of 673A in combination with cisplatin [a chemotherapy drug] in chemotherapy-resistant
cells."In combination with the chemo drug, it was highly effective.
The researchers also treated chemoresistant cancer cells with the drug, injected them into mice, and
monitored the growth of the tumor for 28 days.
Future Trends of Ovarian
Cancer
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332910038_Status_of_Ovarian_Cancer_in_India_2012-14

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20375941

https://www.factmr.com/report/51/ovarian-cancer-diagnostics-market
https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-ovarian-cancer-drug-market
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovarian-cancer/treating.html