EMOTIVISM “X is good” is an emotional exclamation (not a truth claim) and means “Hurrah for X!”
Pick your moral principles by following your
feelings. EMOTIVISM EMOTIVISM says that moral judgments express positive or negative feelings.
“X is good” is equivalent to the exclamation “Hurrah
for X!” – hence can’t be true or false. So there can’t be moral truths or moral knowledge. EMOTIVISM Logical Positivism holds that only two types of statements make genuine truth claims (claims that are true or false). EMOTIVISM 1. Empirical statements – in principle, these can be shown or tested by our sense experience to be true or at least highly probable. EMOTIVISM 2. Analytic statements – these can be true because of the meaning of words. EMOTIVISM Example: 1. Empirical (testable by sense experience): “It’s raining outside.”
2. Analytic (true by definition):
“Frozen water is ice.” EMOTIVISM
Science is empirical while
mathematics is analytic. EMOTIVISM
Science is empirical while
mathematics is analytic. EMOTIVISM
If one’s statement is not
empirical or analytic. It is meaningless. EMOTIVISM
“True reality is spiritual.”
EMOTIVISM Moral judgements aren’t empirical and analytic. Therefore, we don’t actually express our truth claims but at most our feelings about things. EMOTIVISM Emotivism sees a moral judgment as an expression of feeling, not a statement that’s literally true or false. EMOTIVISM Moral judgements are exclamations: “Ex is good” means “Hurrah for X!” and “X is bad” means “Boo on X!” EMOTIVISM An exclamation (!) doesn’t state a fact and isn’t true or false. Since moral judgements are exclamations, there can’t be moral truths or moral knowledge. EMOTIVISM What if we feel cold? Is it something true? EMOTIVISM Emotivism (just express feelings): “Brrr!”, “Ha,ha,ha!”, “Wow!”
Subjectivism (truths about feelings):
“I feel cold.”, “I find that funny.”, “I’m impressed.” EMOTIVISM Moral reasoning = to appeal not to reason but emotion. Ex: Terrorism or Nazi – appeal to emotion. Turning hatred into feelings of friendship. EMOTIVISM Morality is about feelings and not about truths. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
*Any genuine truth claim is either empirical (testable
by sense experience) or analytic (true by definition). *Moral statements aren’t either empirical or analytic. * Á Moral statements aren’t genuine truth claims. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
The central claim of Logical
Positivism (Emotivism) is self- refuting. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
Moral judgements aren’t always
emotional. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
A view must be testable by sense
experience or else it makes no sense. (This claim is self-refuting) PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
For emotivism we can’t progress
anymore by reason (at any given conflicts) but we can try to change other’s feelings. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
However, the same feeling can also
be used to manipulate other feelings. PROBLEMS ON EMOTIVISM
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