IDEAL GASES

CHARLE’S LAW
Jacques Charles (1746-1823)
• Charles’ Law states that the volume of a
given mass of gas varies
 
directly with the
absolute temperature of the gas when
pressure us kept constant.
FORMULA:
•  

 = first volume
= second volume
= first temperature
= second temperature
APPLICATION

• A Sample pf helium has a volume of 521 dm³ at a pressure of 75 cm Hg and

a temperature of 18 °C. when the temperature is increased to 23 °C, what
is the volume of the helium?
• A sample of hydrogen has an initial temperature of 50.0 °C. when the
temperature is lowered to -5.0 °C, the volume of hydrogen becomes 212
cm³. what was the initial volume of the hydrogen in dm³ ?
GAY-LUSSACS
LAW
• Gay- Lussacs law shows the relationship
between the temperature and pressure of a
gas. At a fixed volume, the temperature and
pressure of a gas are directly proportional to
each other. Since the temperature and
pressure have a direct relationship, if the
pressure goes up then the temperature goes
up and if the temperature goes down then the
pressure goes down. (and vice versa)
THE EQUATION FOR GAY LUSSAC’S LAW IS:

•  

 = initial temperature (Kelvin – K )

= initial pressure (atm or mmHg)
= final temperature (Kelvin – K)
= final pressure ( atm or mmHg)

Note: temperature must be in Kelvin for the equation to

work. You calculate
Kelvin temperature by adding 273 to the Celsius
temperature.
 APPLICATION
• If a gas cooled from 323.0 K to 273.15 K and the volume is kept constant
what final pressure would result if the original pressure was 750.0 mmHg?
• A gas has a pressure of 0.370 atm at 50.0 ºC. What is the pressure at
standard temperature?
COMBINED GAS
LAW
The combined gas law combines the three gas
laws: Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law , and Gay-
Lussac’s Law. It states that the ratio of the
product of pressure and volume and the
absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a
constant.
THE EQUATION FOR COMBINED GAS LAW IS:

•  

 = first temperature (Kelvin – K )

= second temperature (Kelvin – K)
= first volume
= second volume
= first pressure ( atm or mmHg)
= second pressure ( atm or mmHg)
Note: temperature must be in Kelvin for the equation to
work. You calculate
Kelvin temperature by adding 273 to the Celsius
temperature.
 APPLICATION
• A volume of 26.5 mL of nitrogen gas was collected in a tube at a
temperature of 17º C and a pressure of 737 mm Hg. The next day the
volume of the nitrogen was 27.1 mL with the barometer still reading 737
mmHg. What was the temperature on the second day?
• 6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37ºC. How many moles
of this gas are present?