KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI

Sarah Ulliya
Dept. DKKD PSIK UNDIP
 Nutrition

Basic component of health

Essential for normal growth and development, tissue
maintenance and repair, cellular metabolism, and
organ function.
Nurse - Need to understand patients’
values, beliefs, and attitudes about food
and how these values affect food
purchase, preparation, and intake to affect
eating patterns.
Factor yang mempengaruhi nutrisi
• Developmental factors
• Etnis and culture
• Sex
• Belief
• Pilihan pribadi
• Religious
• Life style
• Medication and therapy, Health
• Alkohol
• Faktor psikologis
• Iklan
 Nutrisi selama pertumbuhan dan perkembangan

• Infant-usia sekolah
Bayi 80-100ml ASI/100-150 ml/kg/hari
Batita  1250 mL cairan, 900-1800 kkal/hr
prasekolah  75 ml /kgBB/hr
sekolah  2400 kkal/hr
Remaja  2200-3000 kkal/hari
• Dewasa  ± 1500-2000 kkal/hari..tergantung
• Older-1900-2300 kkal/hari
 Review Struktur dan fungsi
sistem pencernaan dan billier
Nutrisi
• Karbohidrat
• Protein
• Lipid
• Air
• Vitamin
• Mineral
 sumber, pencernaan, metabolisme, penyimpanan
What is Nutritional Assessment?
The evaluation of nutrition needs of individuals
based upon appropriate biochemical,
anthropometric, physical, and dietary data to
determine nutrient needs and recommended
appropriate nutrition intake including enteral
and parenteral nutrition”
- American Dietetic Association
 Pengkajian
• Antopometri  Body mass index (BMI), Ideal body
weight (IBW)
• Biochemical test and Laboratory
• Clincal signs and symptomsclinical observation
• Dietary Intake
• Dietary history and health history
• Exercise observation
 Antopometri
• Tinggi badan
• Berat badan
• Tebal lipatan kulit trisep/TSF
• LLA/ LOLA
LOLA = LLA-(3, 14 x TSF)
 Body mass index (BMI)
• BB (kg)/TB2 (m)
• F  19-24
• M  20-25
 Dietary history and health history

• Dietary history kebiasaan intake makanan

dan cairan, dll
• Health status  usia, kultur, status sosial
ekonomi, faktor psikologi, alkohol, suplemen
dll
 Clincal observation
• Tanda umum  penurunan BB, dehidrasi,
haus, pertumb. Terhambat.
• Rambut  kusut, kekurangan pigmen
• Kulit dermatitis, tampak kurus, petekhi,
pucat dll
• Mata. Mulut, gigi, neuromuskular, tulang, GIT,
Endokrin, kardiovaskuler dll
Diagnosa Keperawatan (NANDA) ; Domain 2
Class 1 ; Ingest
Insufficient breas milk
Ineffective infant feeding pattern
Interrupted breastfeeding
Readiness for enhanced breastfeeding
Ineffective infant feeding pattren
Imbalanced nutrition ; less than body requirements
Readiness for enhanced nutrition
Obesity
Overweight
Risk for overweight
Impaired swallowing
Class 2 ; Digestion
Class 3 ; absorption
Class 4 ; metabolism
Risk for unstable blood glucose level
Neonatal jaundice
Risk for neonatal jaundice
Risk for impaired liver function
Class 5 ; hydration (kebutuhan cairan)
Risk for electrolyte imbalanced
Readiness for enhanced fluid balance
Deficient fluid volume
Risk for deficient fluid volume
Excess fluid volume
Risk for imbalanced fluid volume
Metabolism
Risk for unstable blood glucose level
Neonatal jaundice
Risk for neonatal joundice
Risk for impaired liver finction

Hydraton
 Intervensi
• Pendidikan kesehatan
• Meningkatkan/menstimulus nafsu makan
• Bantu klien makan, makan sendiri
• Konseling
• Enteral tube feeding NGT, langsung ke
lambung/usus
• Nutrisi Parenteral
Evaluasi ??