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 The Circulatory System

The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

Circulatory System: Transport
System of the Body
•The function of the circulatory
system is to deliver the substance to
its destination.
•It makes sure that the waste
materials throughout the cells of the
body are eliminated.
•It is composed of three parts: the
heart, the blood, and the blood
vessels.
Heart
• A hollow muscular organ
found near the center of
the chest cavity.
• Septum- a thick wall
that divides the heart
into two parts.
• It has four chambers:
– Upper chambers: atrium
– Lower chambers: ventricle
Heart
• Pericardium- a
thick wall that
protects the heart.
• “Lub-dup”-the
sound we
associate with the
beating of the
heart
Blood Vessels
• These are the
tubes that deliver
blood to and from
the all parts of
the body.
• Three kinds:
– Arteries
– Veins
– Capillaries
Arteries
• These are thick-
walled blood
vessels that
transport blood
away from the
heart.
• Arterioles- smaller
branch of arteries
• Aorta is the largest
artery in the body.
Veins
• These are blood
vessels that
return blood to
the heart.
• They carry
deoxygenated
blood.
Capillaries
• These are thin-
walled, tiny blood
vessels
• Gas exchange,
nutrients and
waste happens
here.
Blood
• The fluid used to
transport the
important
compounds
throughout the
body.
• Composed of:
– Plasma
– Red blood cels
– White blood cells
– platelets
Plasma
• The liquid portion
of the blood.
• Composed of:
– Water
– Proteins
– Inorganic salts
– Nutrients
– Other chemicals
Red Blood Cell
• also known as
erythrocytes
• Disc-shaped cells
that carry oxygen
due to the
presence of
hemoglobin
• Produced in the
red bone marrow
White Blood Cell
• also known as
leukocytes
• Helps the body to
fight against
diseases
• Produced antibodies
that destroy disease-
causing bacteria and
viruses.
Platelets
• Blood fragments that
involved mainly in
the clotting of blood.
Identify the following:
A. Heart
1. A thick wall of muscle that
protects the heart Lub-dup
2. A thick wall that divides the
heart into two parts
Pericardium
3. The upper chambers of the Septum
heart
4. The lower chambers of the
Ventricle
heart Atrium
5. The associate sound of the
pumping heart.
Identify the following:
B. Blood Vessel
1. Thick-walled blood vessels
that transport blood away
Arteries
from the heart. Veins
2. Thin-walled blood vessels
where the exchange of gases Capillaries
and nutrients happens.
3. Tubes that return blood to the
heart.
4. They carry oxygenated blood.
5. They carry deoxygenated
blood.
Identify the following:
C. Blood
1. The liquid portion of the
blood
Hemoglobin
2. The disc-shaped cells that Erythrocytes
carry oxygen molecules
3. They fight diseases and
Leukocytes
produce antibodies that Platelets
destroy disease-causing
bacteria and viruses Plasma
4. Blood fragments that
involved in blood clotting.
5. The oxygen-carrying protein
in the red blood cell.
Identify the following:
A. Heart
1. A thick wall that divides the
heart into two parts
Lub-dup
2. The lower chambers of the Pericardium
heart
3. The upper chambers of the
Septum
heart Ventricle
4. A thick wall of muscle that
protects the heart
Atrium
5. The associate sound of the
pumping heart.
Identify the following:
B. Blood Vessel
1. Tubes that return blood to the Arteries
heart.
2. Thin-walled blood vessels
Veins
where the exchange of gases Capillaries
and nutrients happens.
3. They carry oxygenated blood.
4. They carry deoxygenated
blood.
5. Thick-walled blood vessels
that transport blood away
from the heart.
Identify the following:
C. Blood Hemoglobin
1. Blood fragments that
involved in blood clotting. Erythrocytes
2. The disc-shaped cells that Leukocytes
carry oxygen molecules
3. They fight diseases and Platelets
produce antibodies that
destroy disease-causing
Plasma
bacteria and viruses
4. The liquid portion of the
blood
5. The oxygen-carrying protein
in the red blood cell.
Mechanism of Blood Circulation
• There are two paths/ circuits of the
blood in the body:
– Pulmonary circuit/ pulmonary
circulation
– Systemic circuit/ systemic circulation
 Circuits

• Pulmonary circuit-
short path between
the heart and the
lungs.
• Systemic circuit- path
of blood from the
heart to the all parts
of the body.
Pulmonary circuit
Body parts
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

Left atrium
Right atrium

Pulmonary veins
Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery Lungs

Systemic circuit
Left atrium

Left ventricle

Aorta

Body parts
Pulmonary circuit
Body parts
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

Left atrium
Right atrium

Pulmonary veins
Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery Lungs

Systemic circuit
Left atrium

Left ventricle

Aorta

Body parts
 Caring for Circulatory System

• Eat a proper diet

• Exercise
• Have enough rest
• Avoid bad habits
• Have a positive attitude
Write the letter of the correct
answer
1.It is the short path between
the heart and the lungs.
a. Systemic circuit
b.Pulmonary circuit
c. Parallel circuit
Write the letter of the correct
answer
2. It the path of the blood
from the heart to the
different parts of the body.
a. Systemic circuit
b.Pulmonary circuit
c. Parallel circuit
Write the letter of the correct
answer
3. Why is there a one-way traffic
for the flow of blood?
a. So that the heart won’t be tired
b. So that we will stay healthy
c. So that the oxygen and nutrients
are delivered to its proper
destination by the blood
Write the letter of the correct
answer
4. What would happen if a person
lacks platelets in the blood?
a. Heart attack will occur
b.Hemorrhage or continuous
bleeding will occur
c. Fracture will occur
Write the letter of the correct
answer
5. Why is blood transfusion done?
a. To remove the right amount
of blood in the body
b.To replace the lost blood in
the body
c. All of these
Write the letter of the correct
answer
1. Why is there a one-way traffic
for the flow of blood?
a. So that the heart won’t be tired
b. So that we will stay healthy
c. So that the oxygen and nutrients
are delivered to its proper
destination by the blood
Write the letter of the correct
answer
2. It’s the path of the blood
from the heart to the
different parts of the body.
a. Systemic circuit
b.Pulmonary circuit
c. Parallel circuit
Write the letter of the correct
answer
3. It is the short path between
the heart and the lungs.
a. Systemic circuit
b.Pulmonary circuit
c. Parallel circuit
Write the letter of the correct
answer
4. Why is blood transfusion done?
a. To remove the right amount
of blood in the body
b.To replace the lost blood in
the body
c. All of these
Write the letter of the correct
answer
5. What would happen if a person
lacks platelets in the blood?
a. Heart attack will occur
b.Hemorrhage or continuous
bleeding will occur
c. Fracture will occur
 Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count

• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly,

causing anemia

• Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of

fibrinogen in thrombocytes

• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve

problems

• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become

blocked with plaque, also called myocardial infarction
 Effects of Aging on the Heart
• Gradual changes in heart function,
minor under resting condition, more
significant during exercise
• Hypertrophy of left ventricle
• Maximum heart rate decreases
• Increased tendency for valves to
function abnormally and arrhythmias to
occur
• Increased oxygen consumption required
to pump same amount of blood