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Mental Health and Mental Illness

 Mental Health is The successful the

performance of mental function, resulting in
productive activities, fulfilling relationships,
and ability to adapt to change and cope with
adversity (Mohr 2006)
 Mental illness is Considered a clinically
significant behavioral or psychological
syndrome experienced by a person and
marked by distress, disability or the risk of
suffering, disability, or loss of freedom ( APA,
2000)
History of Psychiatric Nursing
 1946 - National Mental Health Act
 1950 NLN - inclusion in curriculum
 1952 - Hildegard Peplau: therapeutic
relationship, counseling role
 1953 - Jones. “therapeutic community”
 1954 - major tranquilizers
 1963 - community mental health
centers
History (cont’d)

 1973 - ANA Standards

 1986 - American Psychiatric Nurses
Assoc.
 What is Psychiatric Nursing?

 Stuart: An interpersonal process that

promotes and maintains patient
behavior that contributes to integrated
functioning.
 ANA: “purposeful use of self”
 Philosophical Assumptions of
Psychiatric Nursing
 Respect for the individual
 Patient goals: growth, health, autonomy,
self-actualization
 Person is a holistic being
 Basic human needs: physical care, safety,
love, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
 All behavior is meaningful
Assumptions (cont’d)

 Behavior consists of perceptions,

thoughts, feelings and actions
 Illness can lead to personal growth.
 Equal opportunity to health care.
 Right to self-determination.
Goals of nursing care

 Promote wellness
 maximize integrated functioning
 enhance self-actualization
 Interpersonal relationship is the
vehicle for application of the
nursing process.
Domains of Psychiatric Nursing
Practice
 Direct Care
 Communication
 Management
 Role functions: teaching, coordination,
collaboration, delegation
Mental Illness: A Major Issue for
the Health of the World
 WHO: Depression #1 cause of
disability in the world
 In top 10: alcohol use, bipolar disorder,
schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive
disorder
 1999 Surgeon General’s Report: mental
health is fundamental to overall health;
mental disorders are “real” illnesses!
Values Clarification
 Summary
 Person is a holistic being
 Basic human needs: physical care, safety,
love, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
 Psychiatric Nursing is “purposeful use of
self”
 Nursing Tools :
 Interpersonal relationship
 Communication skill
 Theoretical knowledge