2.

Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Automotive – Engine Performance

Topics covered in this presentation:

 Types of Electronic Fuel Systems
 Fuel Injection Timing, Open Loop
and Closed Loop Modes
 Wiring Diagrams and Schematics
ClassAct SRS enabled.
2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Types of Electronic Fuel Systems

Electronic Fuel (gasoline) Injection (EFI)
Automotive – Engine Performance

Computer (ECU / ECM / PCM) operates solenoid controlled fuel injectors.

Computer Controlled (feedback) Carburetors

Computer operates mixture control solenoid and/or fuel shutoff valve.

Electronic Diesel Injection

Computer operates fuel metering solenoids.

Electronic Fuel Injection is the most common type of fuel system in use.

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 1
Which is the most common type of fuel injection system?
Automotive – Engine Performance

A) Electronic Fuel Injection

B) Computer Controlled Carburettors

C) Electronic diesel Injection

2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Single and Multipoint EFI Systems

Fuel injection systems classified by point of injection.
Automotive – Engine Performance

Single Point Fuel Injection (Throttle Body Injection - TBI) ECU

Injector located inside

throttle body, sits on
top of intake manifold. Air in

Fuel in
Injector sprays
Injector
fuel from above
throttle plate. Throttle body

ECU controls
injector opening.
Throttle plate

Intake manifold
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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 2
In a single-point fuel injection system, where is the injector located?
Automotive – Engine Performance

A) In the intake manifold

B) Next to the intake valve

C) Before the air filter

D) In the throttle body

2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Single and Multipoint EFI Systems

Multipoint Fuel Injection ECU
Automotive – Engine Performance

Injector located in each

branch of intake manifold,
below throttle plate. Air in

Injectors spray fuel Throttle plate

directly into each port. Injectors
x 4, x6,
Fuel in x8 etc.
ECU controls
opening of injectors.

Intake manifold

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 3
What controls the opening of the injectors in an EFI system?
Automotive – Engine Performance

A) The throttle plate

B) The air pressure

C) The ECU

D) The pressure in the intake manifold

2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel Injection Timing

Describes when fuel is sprayed into the intake manifold.
Automotive – Engine Performance

Intermittent (or modulated)

Injectors controlled independently of intake valve position.

Timed (or sequential)

Injectors controlled in time with intake valves.

Continuous
Injectors open all the time, fuel pressure is controlled.

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 4
In which method of fuel injection timing is the fuel supplied in time
Automotive – Engine Performance

with the intake valves?

A) Continuous

B) Sequential

C) Modulated

D) Intermittent
2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel Injector Opening Relationships

Simultaneous Injection
Automotive – Engine Performance

(all together).

Sequential Injection
(one at a time).

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel Injector Opening Relationships

Group Injection
Automotive – Engine Performance

(Injectors of Vee engine operating in A and B banks).

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

ECU Open & Closed Loop Operation

Engine cold, ECU operates in open loop mode.
Automotive – Engine Performance

Uses preprogrammed values to control engine.

Engine at operating temperature, ECU operates in closed loop mode.

It uses data from the oxygen and other sensors to control engine.

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 5
How many different modes does the ECU operate in?
Automotive – Engine Performance

Enter your answer and press SEND.

2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Typical Fuel System Sub-Systems

1. Fuel Supply System
Automotive – Engine Performance

Supplies clean fuel to fuel metering system (fuel pump, filters, lines).

2. Air Supply System

Supplies controlled clean air to engine (air filter, ducting).

3. Fuel Metering System

Controls amount of fuel (and air) entering engine (injectors, pressure
regulator, throttle plate).

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel System Diagrams and Schematics

Fuel System Block Diagrams - 1 System and
Automotive – Engine Performance

Each block represents subsystem

blocks
a system.

Lines represent
connections
between systems.

Arrows represent
direction of flow.

Direction of Connection lines

information
flow/control
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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel System Diagrams and Schematics

Fuel System Block Diagrams - 2 System and
component
Automotive – Engine Performance

Connection lines
Each block represents blocks
a component.

Lines represent connections

between systems.

Arrows represent
direction of flow.

Direction of
information
flow/control Next >
2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel System Diagrams and Schematics

Fuel System Schematic Diagrams
Wiring
Automotive – Engine Performance

Components Fuel lines

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 6
Fuel system schematic diagrams show:
Automotive – Engine Performance

1. Components
2. Fuel lines
3. Wiring
4. Connector numbers
Which of these are correct?

A) 1, 2 and 4 C) 1, 2 and 3

B) 2, 3 and 4 D) 1, 3 and 4
2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Fuel System Diagrams and Schematics

Fuel System Wring Diagrams
Automotive – Engine Performance

Wire size Connector number

Wire color Wire Component symbol

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2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Question 7
Fuel system wiring diagrams show wire size, wire color and wire
Automotive – Engine Performance

connector number. Is this true or false?

Answer True or False.

2. Introduction to Electronic Fuel Systems

Summary
You should be aware of: A
Automotive – Engine Performance

A
 Types of Electronic Fuel Systems
A
 Fuel Injection Timing, Open Loop
and Closed Loop Modes B

B
 Wiring Diagrams and Schematics
B

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