Features Of Indus Valley Civilization:

Harappa site
Harappa City
 Great Bath: G.B is a land mark of H.C. The great bath

was 180 feet in length and 108 feet in width. There

were many rooms adjoining this great bath. It is
believed that the people used to come to this place to
have a bath on the occasion of religious ceremonies.
 GRANARY: Another important building of
Mohenjodaro was the great granary. It is 45.72 metre
in length and 22.86 metre in width. It had good
arrangement for the storage of food and flow of air.

 Roads: The roads of Mohenjodaro was very

impressive. The main road of Mohenjodaro was 10
metres wide and archeologists called it Royal road.
 Drainage system: one of the most distinctive features

of Harappan cities was carefully planned drainage

system. Ernest Mackay a famous Archaelogist in his
book entitled “Early indus civilizaion” has highly
praised the prevalent drainage system of the Harapan
Civilization.
 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE:

 Food: Wheat was staple food. Barley, fruits were other

food. Milk was the main item of food. Fond of fish and
meat.

 Animals: important domestic animals were bulls,

buffaloes, camels, sheep, elephants, pigs and goats.

Horse was abent.
 Society in the Indus valley civilization is said to have
comprised of three distinct social groups. One group
ruled and administered the city, the other group
included the merchants who were associated with trade
and other business activities in the city. The third
group were the labourers who worked in the city. They
also included the farmers who cultivated wheat and
barley as their main crops.
 Metal: The people knew the use of gold, silver, copper and

bronze. They did not know the use of iron. Copper was widely
used in in manufacture of weapons, implements, domestic
utensils etc.

 Clothing: Both cotton and wool were used as garments.

Women wore skirts with a cloak as an extra cover protection,

covering arms and shouldres. Men wore a piece of cloth around
their loins and a wrapper covering their left shoulder.
 Trade and Transport: Copper, Tin, Gold, silver

secured from south India.. Afghanistan, Persia and

Baluchistan. Discovery of Indus seals in Western Asia
proves brisk trade with Western Asia. Lapis lazuli from
Badakhshan.
 Steatite, copper and lead came from Rajasthan.

 Religion: No definite religion. Ruins do not show any

sign of temples and none of the buildings that have

been discovered can be taken as houses for worship.

 Mother goddesses were more than that of Gods.

 They worshiped trees, stones and several animals.

They worshiped Linga and Yoni symbols.

 Occupation: Agriculture was the main source of

occupation. There were carpenters, goldsmiths,

jewellers, stone cutters, blacksmiths, weavers and
potters. Merchant class was wealthy and played an
important role.
 Political life and Administration: Administration

carried out by the priest king as in cities. It was an

absolute and autocratic government based on religion,
where people were denied individual liberty.
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