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Food Chains

And
Cycles
SUN
Rabbit Lettuce
Hawk
SUN Lettuce Rabbit Hawk
Lizard Hawk Sun
Snake

Plant

Grasshopper
Sun Plant Grasshopper Lizard Snake Hawk
Food Chains
shows the feeding relationships between living things.
shows what eats what in a particular habitat.
1.Producers

2.Primary
consumers
3.Secondary consumers
4. Predators
5.Prey
6.Scavengers
7.Decomposers
HOME

Green plants - they make


food by photosynthesis.
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Usually eat plant material


- they are herbivores.
For example rabbits,
caterpillars, cows and sheep.
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Usually eat animal material


- they are carnivores.
For example cats, dogs and
lions.
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Kill for food.


They are either secondary or
tertiary consumers
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The animals that predators


feed on.
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Feed on dead animals.


For example, crows, vultures
and hyenas are scavengers
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Feed on dead and decaying


organisms, and on the
undigested parts of plant and
animal matter in feces.
Take Note!
 The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for most
communities of living things.

• Green plants absorb some of the Sun’s light energy


to make their own food by photosynthesis.
Energy transfer!
Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage
to the next. But not all of the energy available to
organisms at one stage can be absorbed by organisms
at the next one. The amount of available energy
decreases from one stage to the next..
Most of the available energy
is used up in other ways:
• energy released by respiration is used for
movement and other life processes, and is
eventually lost as heat to the surroundings.
• energy is lost in waste materials, such as feces.
Ten Percent Law
• Law of transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next.
• It was introduced by Raymond Lindeman (1942).
• During the transfer of energy from organic food from one
trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy
from organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is lost
during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete
digestion by higher trophic level.
Notice that at each
level of the food
chain, about 90% of
the energy is lost in
the form of heat. The
total energy passed
from one level to the
next is only about
one-tenth of the
energy received from
the previous
organism.
Pyramids of biomass
Biomass means the mass of living material at a
stage in a food chain. The biomass goes down as
you go from one stage to the next, just like the
amount of energy.
Pyramids of biomass
A pyramid of biomass is a chart, drawn to
scale, showing the biomass at each stage
in a food chain. The bars become
narrower as you reach the top.
This pyramid of biomass is
for the food chain:

oak tree → caterpillar →


blue tit → sparrow hawk
It shows the feeding relationships
between living organisms.

A. Food Chain
B. Energy Pyramid
C. Food Consumption
It shows the feeding relationships
between living organisms.

A. Food Chain
B. Energy Pyramid
C. Food Consumption
NEXT
It shows the feeding relationships
between living organisms.

A. Food Chain
B. Energy Pyramid
C. Food Consumption
Try Again
It shows the feeding relationships
between living organisms.

A. Food Chain
B. Energy Pyramid
C. Food Consumption
Try Again
How many percent of energy is lost in
the form of heat in each level of the food
chain?
A. 10%
B. 90%
C. 1%
How many percent of energy is lost in
the form of heat in each level of the food
chain?
A. 10%
B. 90%
C. 1%
Try Again
How many percent of energy is lost in
the form of heat in each level of the food
chain?
A. 10%
B. 90%
C. 1%
Next
How many percent of energy is lost in
the form of heat in each level of the food
chain?
A. 10%
B. 90%
C. 1%
Try Again
They were the MAJOR source of all foods
in the food chain.

A. Producers
B. Green Plants
C. Both A and B
They were the MAJOR source of all foods
in the food chain.

A. Producers
B. Green Plants
C. Both A and B
Try Again
They were the MAJOR source of all foods
in the food chain.

A. Producers
B. Green Plants
C. Both A and B
Try Again
They were the MAJOR source of all foods
in the food chain.

A. Producers
B. Green Plants
C. Both A and B
END

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