MEDICAL HUMAN

FACULTY
National University “Pedro Ruiz Gallo”

6th GROUP: CONTENT

 ALCOSER ARCILA ALFONSO
 DE LA CRUZ RUIZ LENIN
 LUMBRE YUPTON CÉSAR
 MENDOZA MEGO BORIS
 QUEVEDO MORI ARTURO
 REGALADO ROCHA WILLINTON
 HEARTS TRANSPLANTS
 CORNEAL SURGERY
 KIDNEY
TRANSPLANTATION
 HEARTS TRANSPLANTS

Hearts transplants, or cardiac transplantation, is a surgical

transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage
heart failure or severe coronary artery disease.
The donor heart must be matched as closely as possible to your
tissue type to reduce the chance that your body will reject the
new heart.

The patient is put into a deep sleep with general anesthesia,

and a cut is made through the breast bone.

 The patient's blood is circulated through a heart-lung bypass

machine to keep the blood oxygen-rich during the surgery.

 The patient's diseased heart is removed and the donor heart

is stitched in place. The heart-lung machine is disconnected.
Blood flows through the transplanted heart.

 Tubes may be inserted to drain air, fluid, and blood out of the
chest for several days, to allow the lungs to fully re-expand.
A heart transplant may be recommended for:

 Severe angina that can no longer be treated with

medications or surgeries to repair the coronary
arteries.

 Severe heart failure, when medicines, other

treatments, and surgery no longer help. Possible
causes of severe heart failure are:
Coronary artery disease
Cardiomyopathy(disease of the heart muscle)
Heart valve disease with congestive heart failure

 Severe heart defects that were present at birth and

cannot be fixed with surgery
CONTRADICATIONS

• Kidney, lung, or liver disease

• Insulin-dependent diabetes with other organ
dysfunction
• Life-threatening diseases unrelated to heart failure
• Vascular disease of the neck and leg arteries.
• High pulmonary vascular resistance
• Recent thromboembolism
• Age over 60 years (some variation between centres)
• Alcohol, tobacco or drug abuse
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension bigger 5 unity wood
PROGNOSIS

• About 80% of heart transplants are alive 2 years after

the operation.
• The problem is graft rejection.
• If rejection can be controlled, the patient's survival can
be increased to over 10 years.
• Drugs that prevent transplant rejection must be taken
for the rest of the patient's life.
• However, vigorous physical activities should be avoided.
CORNEAL SURGERY

 First, the central area of the donor tissue

is excised in a circular fashion: 8,0 mm

 A device called a trephine will cut a

similar size central opening into the
cornea

 The sutures (10-0 and 11-0 nylon) are

thinner than a human hair
 DISADVANTAGES:

The most common complication is GRAFT REJECTION

The symptoms of potential rejection can be grouped by the

pneumonic RSVP:

 R: Redness (unusual redness of the eye)

 S: Sensitivity (increase in light sensitivity)
 V: Visual Loss (sudden change in vision clarity)
 P: Pain (increase in eye pain)

ADVANTAGES:
The vast majority of corneal transplant patients are pleased with the
restoration of vision after surgery
Kidney Transplantation
 INTRODUCTION

 is an operation to
implant a healthy kidney
in your body.
 The transplanted kidney
function meet and no
longer needs dialysis.
 donors are usually dead.

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 INTRODUCTION

 start a new kidney is  the patient must take medication

for your body from rejecting the
producing urine when the transplanted kidney.
blood flowing through it.

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 INDICATIONS FOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

 is the end-stage renal disease.

 This is defined as a drop in glomerular

filtration rate of 20-25% of normal.

 for example:

 malignant hypertension
 Infections
 diabetes mellitus and focal segmental
 glomerulosclerosis

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 INDICATIONS FOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

 Diabetes is the most

common cause of kidney
transplant, representing
25% of people in the
united states.
 irreversibly alter renal
processes .

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Contraindications include:

 heart failure
 liver disease.
 snuff consumption
 Obesity

these are indicators of

endangering a patient

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 PROCEDURE

 the kidney is placed in a

different part of the original
 often in the iliac fossa.

popr therefore:

• the renal artery is connected

to the external iliac artery.

• The renal vein was connected

to the external iliac vein

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB
 POST OPERATION

 The transplant surgery lasts

five hours on average.
 Depending on its quality, the
new kidney began working
immediately.
 The hospital stay is usually 4-7
days.
• in complications, diuretics can
help produce urine aproducir
urine.

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MEDICAL ENGLISH STUDENT : REGALADO ROCHA JACOB