Beruflich Dokumente
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IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN
OUTLINE
• Role of geography in IR
• Geopoltics
• Geo-graphical description of Pakistan?
• Geo-strategic description of Pakistan:
1) Proximity of great powers
2) Gateway to central Asia
3) Significance as a Transit economy
4) Important link in the chain of Muslim countries
5) China's link to middle east
6) Reduce Indian hegemony in the Arabian sea and Indian ocean
ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN IR
• Russia and China are busy to give check to US Power in this region and in other
regions like Middle East, Africa, North America, Europe and Far East ASIA.
• US interests in this Region:
1. Security:
• Policy of Pax –Americana in order to restraint world dynamics from
Unipolarity to multi-polarity.
• US interest in the region to contain the growing china, nuclear Iran, terrorist
Afghanistan.
2. Business:
• To benefit from the market of India and Central Asia.
GREAT POWER COMPETITION IN INDIAN OCEAN:
GATEWAY TO CENTRAL ASIA:
• Central Asia is the center stage of new Great games: Western quest for resources- oil and
energy resources in the central Asia.
• Pakistan is located very close to the oil rich M.E region and C.A States
• Pakistan can influence shipment of oil.
• Pakistan was part of the Iran-Pakistan Gas pipeline until 2019
• Pakistan has stepped up its imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Qatar, and has
also been importing LNG from the US since 2017. At the end of 2018, more than 40%
of Pakistan's power demand was met by LNG.
• In this scare energy world, Pakistan can provide access from energy efficient to
energy deficient state.
SIGNIFICANCE AS A TRANSIT ECONOMY
• Land locked Afghanistan sought passage through Pakistan during its reconstruction
phase
• China with its fastest economy growth rate of 9% GDP seeks Pakistan’s help for
passage because its own part is 4500 km away from Sinkiang but Gawader is
2500 km away.
• Pakistan offers central Asian regions the shortest route of 2600 km as compared to
Iran 4500 km or turkey 5000 km.
• Gwadar Port with its deep waters attracts the trade ships of china, CAR and south east
Asian countries.
IMPORTANT LINK IN THE CHAIN OF MUSLIM
COUNTRIES
• Geographically, Pakistan is situated at the centre of the Islamic countries of
Africa and Asia.
• It is linked to these Muslim states through land and sea routes and thus not only its
ideological background, but its geographical centrality necessities that it supports the
unity of Muslim world.
• Prior to the cessation of East Pakistan, it was the largest Islamic state and naturally
was in the vanguard of the movement for Islamic unity.
• Even afterwards, it actively works for the mutual alliance and unity of the Muslims.
CHINA'S LINK TO MIDDLE EAST:
• Pakistan is the only direct and shortest link between China and the Middle East.
• Gulf States possessing 63% of world’s oil reserves.
• In development of this link Pakistan plays an important role by making
Gwadar a fully functional port with support of china.
• Gwadar will prove instrumental in promoting trans-shipment essentially of containerized
cargo besides unlocking the development potential for hinterland.
GAWADAR PORT
• In the changing dynamics of global architecture, the sea politics is getting complex with
more focus on commercial activities and economic prosperity.
• Gwadar Port is the warm water and deep sea port of Pakistan. It is situated at the mouth of
Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and holds 2/3 world oil reserves
• The port holds great strategic and economic significance for Pakistan.
• It is third important deep sea port of Pakistan after Karachi and Qasim ports.
GAWADAR PORT
• Gwadar will help Pakistan to monitor the Sea Lines of Communications (SLOCs)
originating from the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
• Gwadar will be able to control the oil sea routes and trade links among regions such as
South Asia, Africa, Central Asia, Gulf and Middle East.
• It will provide strategic leverage to Pakistan vis-à-vis India, as the port is far from Indian
reach as compared to other two Pakistani ports
REDUCE INDIAN HEGEMONY IN THE ARABIAN
SEA AND INDIAN OCEAN
• India has a shared interests with the U.S and NATO in the subjection of
Pakistan.
• As they consider Nuclear weapons of Pakistan as a threat to Indian national security,
NATO operations in Afghanistan, and Israel.
• Pakistan have nuclear deterrence since 1998. Pakistan termed its nuclear bomb as
“ISLAMIC BOMB” that made it center of attention in the world politics.
• The U.S, NATO, Israel, and India to neutralize such a strategic and tactical threat from
emerging in Pakistan.
• The US has conspired with international media against Pak nuke.
• Most importantly Pakistan has world best missile technology
NEED TO RETHINK FOREIGN POLICY