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COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY



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An information system has five parts :

1. u

^ The most important part as they make end-
users more productive.
An information system has five parts :

2. u
  
^ Refer to rules or guidelines people follow
when using software, hardware and data.
^ Documented in manuals written by
computer specialists.
^ Provided by software/hardware
manufacturers of the product.
 Procedures
^ Procedures refers to the outline of a course of
action. They direct the interaction of human
with hardware ,software and data base.
^ In other words , procedures are the policies
and methods to be followed in using ,
operating and maintaing an information
systems
 An information system has five parts :

3. ÷


^ Computer software is the term for programmes or sets
of computer instructions.
^ Written in special computer language that enable a
computer to accomplish a given task.
^ It consists of step-by-step instructions, which the
computer can use to convert data into information.
 An information system has five parts :
4. O
^ Computer components that are physical, touchable pieces or
equipment.
^ It consists of the system unit, input/output, secondary storage
and communication devices.
^ 4 types of computers :
1. Supercomputers ʹ the most powerful type of computers.
2. Mainframe ʹ occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms.
3. Minicomputers ʹ desk-sized machines used for specific
purposes.
4. Microcomputers ʹ include the desktop, notebook and personal
digital assistant.
 An information system has five parts :
5. á

^ Raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers,
images and sounds.
^ Data describes something that is stored electronically
in a file.
^ Examples :
Document files created by word processors
Worksheet files crated by spreadsheets
Database file created by database management programmes
Presentation files created by presentation graphics
programmes
 4 MAIN ASPECTS OF DATA
HANDLING


  
- accept data or commands in a form that the computer can use: they
send the data or commands to the processing unit.
  u
 

- known as CPU, has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into
information that people require. The CPU execute computer
instructions.
 

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- display the people the processed data; information in understandable
and usable form
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- means secondary storage; consists of secondary storage devices such
as hard disk, diskettes, pendrives.
- can store data and programmes outside the computer itself.
- these devices supplement memory or primary storage, can hold data
or programmes temporarily.
 1. What is Input?
Input refers to any data or instructions that are
used by a computer. All computer processing
requires data.
Whenever you use computer or application
software, you are providing input. You
typically use a keyboard to type text and a
mouse to issue commands.
 Input Devices
^ Keyboard
^ Mouse
^ Joystick
^ Touch Screen
^ Light Pen
^ Scanner
^ Bar code readers
^ Digital cameras
^ Video cameras
^ Graphic tablets
^ Voice recognition systems
 2. What is Process?
The computer manipulates the data to create
information.
Information refers to data processed into a form
that has meaning and is useful.
 Processing Devices/System Units
^ Mother board/System
^ CPU/Microprocessor
^ Memory ʹ RAM, ROM
^ Expansion Slots and Cards
^ System Clock
^ Bus Lines
^ Ports and Cables
 3. What is Output?
Is a processed data or information.
Output devices provide output to people by
translating what the computer has processed
into a form that people can understand and
use.
 Output Devices
^ Monitor ʹ CRT, LCD
^ LCD projector
^ Video scan converter
^ Printer
 4. What is Storage?
Information can be stored in a computer for
future use.
All computers have a hard disk drive to store
programmes and data.
 Storage Devices
^ Hard Disk
^ Removable Disks
Floppy Drive
CD-ROM, R, RW
DVD-ROM, R, RW
Pen Drive, Thumb Drive, Zip Drive
External Hard Disk