ANALYZING AND RETROFITTING OF NON-STRUCTURAL CRACKS

IN CONCRETE

DEFENSE

Supervisor- Daw Kay Thwe San (Lecturer)

Members: Ma Myint Myint Thu (VIC-2)

Mg Yaw Shu (VIC-10)
Ma Su Lay Khin (VIC-12)
Mg Aung Ko Oo (VIC-28)
Mg Aung Kyaw Khaing (VIC-38)
1
 Outline of Presentation

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review

3. Methodology

4. Analyzing of cracks and Results

5. Discussion and Recommendations

2
 1. Introduction

Objectives of the study

To identify non-structural cracks.

To analyze the early state behavior and characteristics of non-structural cracks.

To introduce photo processing method for future studies.

To get more comprehension about prevention and curing methods.

To know the retrofitting techniques for non-structural cracks.

3
 Scopes of the Study

Collecting data from literature reviews.

Collecting data from practical experiments.

Cracks are analyzed by photo processing method using Image J

software.

Material contents data is calculated based on ACI 211.1-91.

4
 2. Literature Review

1. Micro- cracks Characteristics Formation

2. Plastic Settlement
Causes Repair Prevention
Cracks

3. Plastic Shrinkage
Causes Repair Prevention
Cracks

4. Thermal Movement
Causes Repair Prevention
Cracks

5. Crazing Cracks Causes Repair Prevention

6. Dry Shrinkage
Causes Repair Prevention
Cracks
5
 3. Methodology

Analyzing procedure for early state behavior and characteristic of

plastic shrinkage by determining crack width and area

Analyzing procedure for the impact of plastic settlement crack

on variation of rebar cover and rebar size

Analyzed data for formation of crazing cracks

Prevention and retrofitting methods of plastic shrinkage cracks,

settlement cracks and crazing cracks in concrete

6
Take W/C = 0.65, Slump = 150 mm to 175 mm
Aggregate size = 11.5 to 23.5 mm
Assume, fineness moduli of fine aggregate = 2.4
Neglect air percentage.
From ACI 211.1-91 (Table A1.6.3.3),

Water, W = 228 kg/m3 (Non-air-entrained concrete)

∴Cement, C = 228/0.65 = 350.77 kg/m3

7
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit of volume of concrete = 0.69
Total design weight of concrete mix = 2400 kg/m3
Aggregate = (2400 – water - cement) x 0.69
= (2400 – 228 – 350.77) x 0.69
= 1256.65 kg/m3 8
 Sand = 2400 – water – cement – aggregate
= 2400 – 228 – 350.77 – 1256.65
= 564.58 kg/m3
∴ S/A = 564.58 / 1256.65
= 0.45
Sample specimen size = 2.23 ft x 0.5 ft x 0.75 ft = 0.84 ft3 = 0.024 m3
∴Required amount of W = 228 x 0.024 = 5.47 kg
C = 350.77 x 0.024 = 8.42 kg
S = 564.58 x 0.024 = 13.55 kg
A = 1256.65 x 0.024 = 30.16 kg
Paste volume = {(228 + 350.77) ÷ 2400} x100% = 24.12 %

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 4. Analyzing of cracks & Results
- Calculation for the practical test of plastic shrinkage cracks with the variation of
water/cement ratio
- Recording the cracks captured by Mini Mobile Magnifier
- Analyzing of crack width and area in the ImageJ Software

- Estimating the required material contents data for plastic settlement crack concerned
with the various rebar cover and rebar size
- Measuring the cracks width by Cracks Width Inducator
- Inserting the data in table and illustrating with graphs and charts.

- Computing the associated data to test the formation of crazing cracks in concrete

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 6

5 4.9

Cracks Width (mm)

4
4
3
3 Maximum
Minimum
2

1
0.12 0.2 0.33
0
18 mm 20 mm 25mm
Rebar Size

Maximum and minimum cracks width of plastic settlement cracks

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 5. Discussion and Recommendations
Curing
The should
plastic be carried is
shrinkage out
Decreasing
about 30 in water-cement
min ratio and
after casting
not related
increasing with
in cement slump
content will
for those specimens
accelerate the
wh ich
crack formation time
but
are uthe cement content
under ander water-cement
constant ratio
evaporation rate.
and water-cement ratio.
0.55.

For
pla
stic
sett
lem
ent
cra
cks,
at a
con
sta
nt
reb
ar
size
,
the
less
er
the
reb
ar
cov
er,
the
gre
ater
the
cra
ck
wid
th.

12
Using the bigger rebar
Crazingthe
When rebar
cracks is notcover is small,
only concerned
size tends to increase
with concrete
the the accumulation of the
surface paste to
tends
volume on the upper surface of concrete
get near thetherebar
the risk of plastic
but also with weatherwhere there
conditions
where
is it gets restraint.
a high dry and wet alternately.
settlement cracks.

The
sele
ctio
n of
wate
r
cem
ent
rati
o,
steel
sizes
,
clea
r
cove
r
and
hum
idity
is
imp
orta
nt to
cons
ider
prob
lems
conc
erne
d
with
non-
stru
ctur
al
crac
k
app
eara
nces

13
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 3D process

Analyzing of structural cracks.

Experiments for drying shrinkage and thermal movement crack are recommended.

Variation of slump and section depth are recommended for future studies of plastic settlement crack.

Further study with specific measuring methods for crazing cracks is recommended.

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THANK YOU
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