START

MICROLESSON on
EIGHT
TRIGONOMETRIC
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
IDENTITIES
Upon completion of this
microlesson, you will be able to:
● identify the eight fundamental
trigonometric identities;
● use the fundamental identities to
find exact values of the six
trigonometric functions.
TARGET GROUP:
Grade 9 Students of BIS
DURATION/MODE:
THE
1 whole session of the class (45
CREDITS MICROLESSON
min. to 1 hour).
 A
Microlesson on
the Eight
Trigonometric
Identities
 INTRODUCTIO
N
INSTRUCTIO
IO
NS

CREDITS MAP
WELCOME
RULES Player 1
 SPELL
I 5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I 6

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2 I
8

I 3

I 7
Go Back to Main
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The 8 I’s are the eight fundamental trigonometric identities you are
going to find. The two stages after I8 are prreparation exercises before
facing the challenge to end the spell of Sarkus.
 INTRODUCTIO
N
For a very long time, the
fishes of Trigo Sanctuary live
happily and peacefully. The
predator - prey relationship is
already normal in the
sanctuary, in which small
fishes are the delicious food of
the large ones.

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 INTRODUCTIO
But what isNunique in these
fishes is their wide knowledge in
mathematics, most especially the
field of Trigonometry. They actually
have the same concepts of
trigonometry as ours, human
beings.
The sanctuary leader, named
Trident, then ordered his co-fishes
to teach all the fishes around the
globe, the concepts of trigonometry.

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 INTRODUCTIO
N before their
Unfortunately,
teaching program could reach one
fourth of the total population in the
sea world, the tyrant leader of the
sharks, Sarkus, ruined all the fishes’
desire to learn. Sarkus hates
mathematics the most and believes
that all fishes must just focus on
surviving against predators, and
‘not on stupid trigo education,’ as
he said.

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 INTRODUCTIO
Na spell, vanishing
Sarkus casted
all the fishes’ memory on
trigonometry. The fishes woke up in
great wander what has happened to
them.
By that time, all of Sarkus’ shark
soldiers invaded the Trigo Sanctuary
and other places of the sea, making
the fishes their food and slave.
Suffering is everywhere at this very
moment.

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 INTRODUCTIO
Good thing forN
Bad thing!
You can help save these poor fishes
from Sarkus’ ruling through destroying
the spell, which will return their
memories back to normal.
You just simply have to find the
eight fundamental trigonometric
identities which are scattered in the
Shipwreck Strait because of the spell.
After that, you have to face a final
challenge using the identities to fully
end the spell from working.

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 INTRODUCTIO
As simple as N
that!
The questions are: Can you do it?
Do you have the guts to end this
kind of turmoil? Do you want to be a
hero for all these poor fishes?

If you want to, then hurry, grab

your things fast, wear your scuba
diving suit and be ready coz’ you’re
about to swim even the darkest sea
to end Sarkus’ regime.

I can do it! Main

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 SPELL
I 5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4
Here is a map of the
Shipwreck
Here is a map of theStrait,
Preparation
Shipwreck
Exercise 1
Strait, bring it with you.
bring
Good luckitand
with you.
do succeed!
I 6

I
2 Good luck and do I
8

I
succeed!
3

I 7

PROCEED
The 8 I’s are the eight fundamental trigonometric identities you are
going to find. The two stages after I8 are preparation exercises before
facing the challenge to end the spell of Sarkus.
 INTRODUCTIO
N
Of the eight fundamental
identities, three (3) of them are
called Reciprocal Identities, two (2)
are called Quotient Identities, and
the other three (3) are called
Pythagorean Identities.
You will see for yourself why they
are called Reciprocal, Quotient or
Pythagorean Identities.

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 MISSION #1
Find the three (3)
Reciprocal
Identities. They can
be found in the first
three stages of the
map of the
Shipwreck Strait.
START Main
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 SPELL
I
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
6

I
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I
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I7
First Stage
unlocked!
Click I to find the first
1

identity.
 The first reciprocal identity is among the following, in
which the product is equal to one (1). Find the identity by
using the definition for six trigonometric functions.

(cos²θ)(secθ)
(cosθ)(sec²θ)

(cosθ)(secθ) (tanθ)(cscθ)

(cosθ)(csc²θ)

(cosθ)(cscθ)

MAP
 By
definition,

Next
MAP
Stage
Hence,
This is the first Fundamental
Trigonometric Identity, which is called
answer does not equate to one

Go Back

MAP
 SPELL
I
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I6

I
2

I
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I7
Second Stage
unlocked!
Click I2 to find the second
identity.
 The second reciprocal identity is among the following,
in which the product is also equal to one (1). Find the
identity by using the definition for six trigonometric
functions.
(cos²θ)(secθ)

(tanθ)(secθ)
(sinθ)(cscθ)
(cosθ)(cscθ)

(sinθ)(cosθ)

(cos²θ)(cscθ)
MAP
 By
definitio
n,

Next
MAP
Stage
Hence,
This is the second Fundamental
Trigonometric Identity, which is also
answer does not equate to one

Go Back

MAP
 SPELL
I
5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
6

I
2 I
8

I
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I7
Third Stage
unlocked!
Click I to find the third
3

identity.
 The second reciprocal identity is among the following,
in which the product is also equal to one (1). Find the
identity by using the definition for six trigonometric
functions.
(cos²θ)(secθ)
(sinθ)(cos²θ)
(tanθ)(secθ)

(cosθ)(csc²θ)
(tanθ)(cotθ)
(cos²θ)(cscθ)

MAP
 By
definitio
n,

Next
MAP
Stage
Hen
ce,
This is the third Fundamental
Trigonometric Identity, which is also
answer does not equate to one

Go Back

MAP
 You’ve finished
finding the first 3
identities, which are
called Reciprocal
Identities.
5 more to go, keep
going, you can do it!

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 MISSION #2
Find the two (2)
Quotient Identities.
They can be found
in the next two
stages of the map
of the Shipwreck
Strait.
START Main
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 SPELL
I
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I6

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I7
Fourth Stage
unlocked!
Click I to find the fourth
4

identity.
 The first Quotient identity contains a trigonometric function
divided by a different trigonometric function which results to one of
the six trigonometric functions. Find the fourth identity.

(cosθ) ÷ (sec²θ)
(cos²θ) ÷ (secθ)

(sinθ) ÷ (cosθ)
(cosθ) ÷ (csc²θ)

(cos²θ) ÷ (csc²θ)

(cos²θ) ÷ (cscθ)

MAP
 By
definitio
n,

Next
MAP
Stage
Hen
ce,
This is the fourth Fundamental
Trigonometric Identity, which is called
 Your answer does not equate to one of the six
trigonometric functions.

Go Back

MAP
 SPELL
I
5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
6

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I7
Fifth Stage
unlocked!
Click I to find the fifth
5

identity.
 The second Quotient identity also contains a trigonometric
function divided by a different trigonometric function which results to
one of the six trigonometric functions. Find the fifth identity.

(cosθ) ÷ (sinθ)
(cos²θ) ÷ (secθ)
(tanθ) ÷ (sec²θ)
(cosθ) ÷ (csc²θ)

(sin²θ) ÷ (cos²θ)

(cos²θ) ÷ (cscθ)

MAP
 By
definitio
n,

Next
MAP
Stage
Hen
ce,
This is the fifth Fundamental
Trigonometric Identity, which is also
 Your answer does not equate to one of the six
trigonometric functions.

Go Back

MAP
 You’ve finished
finding the fourth
and fifth identities,
which are called
Quotient Identities.
3 more to go, have
fun!
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 RECALL
P(θ) is the intersection of the terminal
side of θ and the unit circle.
P(θ)
z=1
θ
y
x
By definition and the Pythagorean
Theorem, if P(θ) has coordinates x and y, if
P(θ)=(x,y), then we must have
x² + y² = 1
because P(θ) lies on the unit circle, hence,
z=1 → z²=1.

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 REMARK
Hereon, we will replace z with 1.
Hence, we can form six special
ratios using x, y and 1. These ratios
are:

Note that the last three ratios in

the list are the reciprocals of the
first three. These ratios determine
the six trigonometric functions of
the angle θ.

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 REMARK
Trigonometric
Function Defining Ratio
Cosine of θ (cosθ) =x
Sine of θ (sinθ) =y
Tangent of θ (tanθ)

Cotangent of θ (cotθ)

Cosecant of θ (cscθ)

Secant of θ (secθ)

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 MISSION #3
Find the three (3)
Pythagorean
Identities. They can
be found in the
sixth, seventh and
eighth stage of the
map of the
Shipwreck Strait.
START Main
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 SPELL
I
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
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Sixth Stage
unlocked!
Click I to find the sixth
6

identity.
 The sixth fundamental identity should satisfy the
definition of trigonometric functions, as well as the
Pythagorean Theorem. Find the identity.

(cos²θ) + (sec²θ) = 1
(sin²θ) + (sec²θ) = 1

(cos²θ) + (csc²θ) = 1

(tan²θ) + (csc²θ) = 1
(sin²θ) + (csc²θ) = 1

(cos²θ) + (sin²θ) = 1

MAP
By definition and Pythagorean Theorem,
(cos²θ) + (sin²θ) = 1.

Next
MAP
P(θ) Base
Stage
on the figure, note that by
z=1
y Pythagorean Theorem,
θ
x x² + y² = 1. This implies that (cos²θ) + (sin²θ)
This is the
= 1,sixth
sinceFundamental
cosθ=x and sinθ=y.
Trigonometric Identity, which is called
 Your answer does not equate to one of the six
trigonometric functions.

Go Back

MAP
 SPELL
I
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I6

I
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I7
Seventh Stage
unlocked!
Click I7 to find the seventh
identity.
 The seventh fundamental identity can be derived by
dividing the sixth identity by cos²θ, where cos²θ is not
equal to zero (0). Find the identity.

(tan²θ) + (csc²θ) = 1
(cot²θ) + 1 = (csc²θ)

1 + (tan²θ) = (sec²θ)
(cos²θ) + (sin²θ) = 1

(sin²θ) + 1 = (csc²θ)

1 + (sec²θ) = (cos²θ)

MAP
 By dividing both sides of
the sixth identity by
cos²θ, we have:

Next
MAP
Stage
Hence, 1 = (sec²θ) - (tan²θ)
or (tan²θ) = (sec²θ) - 1
This is the seventh Fundamental Trigonometric
Identity, which is called a Pythagorean
 Your answer is not the result when the sixth
identity
is divided by cos²θ. Keep trying!

Go Back

MAP
 SPELL
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Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
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I7
Eighth Stage
unlocked!
Click I8 to find the eighth
identity.
 The last and eighth fundamental identity can be
derived by dividing the sixth identity by sin²θ, where sin²θ
is not equal to zero (0). Find the identity.

(tan²θ) + (csc²θ) = 1
(cot²θ) + 1 = (csc²θ)

1 + (tan²θ) = (sec²θ)
(cos²θ) + (sin²θ) = 1

(sin²θ) + 1 = (csc²θ)

1 + (sec²θ) = (cos²θ)

MAP
 By dividing both
sides of the
sixth identity by sin²θ,
we have:

Next
MAP
Stage
Hence, 1 = (csc²θ) - (cot²θ)
or (cot²θ) = (csc²θ) - 1
This is the eighth Fundamental Trigonometric
Identity, which is also called a Pythagorean
 Your answer is not the result when the sixth
identity
is divided by sin²θ. Keep trying!

Go Back

MAP
 You’ve finished finding all the
eight Fundamental Trigonometric
Identities!
This time, your about to face the
riskiest challenge of ending the
spell from working, which requires
you to use all the eight
Fundamental Trigonometric
Identities in finding certain values
of trigonometric functions.
You have to prepare first for the
challenge, thus, you have to learn
and practice the use of the eight
identities.
NEXT MAP
 Watchout!
At this very moment,
Sarkus,
together with his soldiers,
is searching all around the
Shipwreck Strait to stop
you in your will to
eliminate the spell.
So, please watch out and
do practice secretly and
silently.
Good luck!
NEXT MAP
 SPELL
I 5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I6

I
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8

I
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I7
Preparation Exercise 1
unlocked!
Click Preparation Exercise 1 to practice
using the eight identities, before
facing the challenge to end the spell.
 Preparation
Exercise 1
 

Given and , use the fundamental identities to find

the exact values of the other five trigonometric
functions.
Solution:
Note that and . By identity (I6), we have:

NEXT MAP
 Preparation
Exercise 1
 

Since , then. Thus, it follows from the definitions

that:
by identity (I4)
by identity (I1)
by identity (I2)
by identity (I3)

NEXT MAP
 As easy as that!
There is really a very big
chance for you to finish the
challenge and hence, really
stop the working spell.
You need to practice one more
before you face challenge.
Don’t be in a hurry, it is always
better to be sure of what you’re
about to do in a certain battle,
right?
Proceed now to the next and
last practice.
NEXT Main
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 SPELL
I 5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I6

I
2 I
8

I
3

I7
Preparation Exercise 2
unlocked!
Click Preparation Exercise 2 to practice
using the eight identities, before
facing the challenge to end the spell.
 Preparation
Exercise 2
 
Given and , use the fundamental identities to find
the exact values of the other five trigonometric
functions.
Solution:
From identity (I7), we have:

NEXT MAP
 Preparation
Exercise 2
 

Since and , thentan. Thus, it follows from the

definitions that:
by identity (I1)
by identity (I4)
by identity (I2)
by identity (I3)

NEXT MAP
I’m pretty sure you’re very ready to
face the challenge against the spell
of Sarkus.
Since you made it this far, it’s very
certain that you could really finish
what you intend to do, may it be an
act of heroism or a mere gusto, at
least it could lead to a better
ending. That is to return to the
fishes what is being taken from
them, hence, to restore
Trigonometry.

But always be careful, because

anytime and anywhere, Sarkus and
his soldiers could crush you into
NEXT
pieces. Main
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 SPELL
I5

Preparation
Exercise 2
I 1 I 4

Preparation
Exercise 1

I
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I
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I
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I 7

SPELLto
Click SPELL Stage
face unlocked!
the challenge
that awaits you. You’re already on
the last stage, so keep it up and
finish it successfully.
 Direction
1. In order to eliminate the spell,
you need to find 10 codes.
2. The codes can be obtained by
simply finding the exact value of
certain trigonometric function,
given a value of another function.
3. You must use all the eight
trigonometric identities to find
the value of a function.
4. There are options of codes for
each number, one of them is the
correct one. Just click the value
which you think is the correct
code.
NEXT Main
Menu
 Direction
5. However possible, you could still
go back if your answer to that
item is incorrect.
6. You cannot proceed to the next
unless you’re done finding the
current code.
7. If ever you’re done with the 10
codes, the spell will eventually
stop from working, and so all the
memories of the fishes will turn
back to normal.
8. After all of these, celebrate
together with the fishes and have
fun! But remember to return
home, the sea is not your world…
START Main
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CODE #1: Given tanθ = 8/15 and
secθ < 0, find secθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #2: Given tanθ = 8/15 and
secθ < 0, find cotθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #3: Given cscθ = and
cotθ > 0, find cotθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #4: Given cscθ = and
cotθ > 0, find secθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT Quit…
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #5: Given cosθ = and
sinθ < 0, find sinθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #6: Given cosθ = and
sinθ < 0, find cscθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #7: Given cotθ = 0 and
cscθ < 0, find cscθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #8: Given cotθ = 0 and
cscθ < 0, find cosθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #9: Given secθ = -2 and
tanθ < 0, find tanθ.
 Congratulatio
ns!
You’ve got the correct
code!
You can now proceed to
uncover the next
code.

NEXT Quit…
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
CODE #10: Given secθ = -2 and
tanθ < 0, find sinθ.
You’ve entered an invalid code.
Keep Trying!

Go Back
 Mission
Congratulatio
Accomplished!
ns! spell has
Sarkus’ casted
You’ve got the correct
stopped from working,
code!
and so the fishes
Amazing, you managed
already have their
to obtain all ten
memories back, from
codes.
the very basic
trigonometry to the
Please wait, the casted last
spell is
one they encountered.
processing to stop working.

NEXT Quit…
 All of the fishes
Mission
Accomplished!
around the world then
convene to stop Sarkus’
ruling and to avoid him
to cast another spell
against them. They
joined forces to fight
against the shark
soldiers and successfully
ousted Sarkus from his
NEXT
ruling.
 Mission
Accomplished!

FIN
End
Game
 ren c
Refe A

es Microlesson on
the Eight
Credits Trigonometric
Identities
END
 REFERENCES
Acal, Penelyn L. et. al. 2011.
Algebra and Trigonometry.
Department of Mathematics,
College of Science and
Mathematics, Mindanao State
University – Iligan Institute of
Technology. Iligan City,
Philippines. pp. 194-197.
Feeding Frenzy 2 – Shipwreck
Showdown
www.123gif.com
www.google.com.ph
Credits
 INSTRUCTIO
1. The game must start with
NS of the map
the first stage
(I1).
2. You must finish first the
stage before going to the
next.
3. You could go back to the
preceding stages if you want
to; but, in consequence, your
most recent stage will no
longer be saved.

RULES Main
Menu
1. The game is more on
RULES
solving, so you must secure
scratch papers and pen with
you in order to answer what
is being asked.
2. Strictly no pressing of ESC
button, if you want to quit,
ask for your teacher’s
permission.
3. No skipping of slides. Once
you started the microlesson,
always keep the
presentation in slideshow
mode.
Instruction
4. You can only use/click on the
Main
s
available buttons. Menu
Don’t Quit
Main Menu
Exit
 Thank you so much
for your cooperation!
I hope you enjoy the
microlesson!
‘Til next time!
God bless you more!

PRESS