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Seminar
On
GLOBAL WARMING

Submitted To: Submitted By:

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Content

�Introduction
�What is Global Warming?
�How Global Warming Works.
�Example of the Greenhouse Effect.
�Difference between “global warming” and “climate change.
�Effects of Global Warming.
�Why is global warming happening?
�How is Global Warming measured?
�When did Global Warming started?
�What can you do to help solve the problem?
�Conclusion
�Reference
 Introduction

● Is the world getting warmer?

● If so, are the actions of mankind to blame for earth’s temperature increases?
● What can/should be done about these issues?
 What is global warming?
● Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases,
● such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would
otherwise escape from Earth.
● This is a type of greenhouse effect.
How Global Warming Works

Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

 Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.
 What’s the difference
between “global warming”
and “climate change”?
Difference
GLOBAL WARMING
is the increase of the
Earth’s average surface
temperature due to a build-
up of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is a broader term that
refers to long-term
changes in climate,
including average
temperature and
precipitation.
Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature

Habitat Damage and

Changes in Water Supply
Species Affected
What’s the proof that global
warming is taking place?
Portage Glacier

�Alaska

1914 2004
Colorado River

�Arizona

June 2002 Dec 2003

Why is global warming
happening?
Burning of Fossil Fuels

Pollution from coal,

natural gas, and oil
When did global warming
start?
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2
What is carbon dioxide and how is it discovered?
Joseph Black, a Scottish chemist and physician, first identified carbon dioxide in the 1750s. At room
temperatures (20-25 oC), carbon dioxide is an odourless, colourless gas, which is faintly acidic and non-
flammable. Carbon dioxide is a molecule with the molecular formula CO2. The linear molecule consists of a
carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms, O=C=O.
 Applications of carbon dioxide
by humans
Humans use carbon dioxide in many different ways. The
most familiar example is its use in soft drinks and beer,
to make them fizzy.
Carbon dioxide released by baking powder or yeast
makes cake batter rise. Some fire extinguishers use
carbon dioxide because it is denser than air.
Carbon dioxide can blanket a fire, because of its
heaviness.
The part carbon dioxide plays in environmental
processes
Carbon dioxide plays an important part in vital plant and animal process, such as photosynthesis
and respiration.
 Environmental problems - the greenhouse
effect

�Greenhouse gasses absorb some of the heat and trap it

near the earth's surface, so that the earth is warmed up.
This process, commonly known as the greenhouse
effect.
�The amount of heat in the troposphere depends on
concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gasses and
the amount of time these gasses remain in the
atmosphere. The most important greenhouse gasses are
carbon dioxide, CFC's (Chlor-Fluoro-Carbons), nitrogen
oxides and methane.
 Carbon dioxide and health

The primary health dangers of carbon dioxide are:

- Asphyxiation. Caused by the release of carbon dioxide in a confined
or unventilated area. This can lower the concentration of oxygen to a
level that is immediately dangerous for human health.
- Frostbite. Solid carbon dioxide is always below -78 oC at regular
atmospheric pressure, regardless of the air temperature. Handling this
material for more than a second or two without proper protection can
cause serious blisters, and other unwanted effects. Carbon dioxide gas
released from a steel cylinder, such as a fire extinguisher, causes similar
effects.
- Kidney damage or coma. This is caused by a disturbance in chemical
equilibrium of the carbonate buffer. When carbon dioxide
concentrations increase or decrease, causing the equilibrium to be
disturbed, a life threatening situation may occur.
How is global warming
measured?
 Ice Core Data

CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica

 CO2 Atmospheric Measurements

CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii

 1000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming

Temperature
(Northern Hemisphere) CO2 Concentrations
Degree Celsius Increase

Parts Per Million

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000
Year Year
Global
Warming:
Shifting Gears
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon

Goal:
Reductions in
2007
CO2 Per Year
 Carbon Tons Carbon Our Goal

Produce electricity
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle efficiency
of Metric

Solar and Wind

Power
Biofuels
Gigaton

Carbon capture
Billions

and storage
Reductions
2007 in CO2
Per Year
What’s being done now to reduce
our emissions?

Wind Power Solar Power Fuel-Efficiency

What can you do to help
solve the problem?
Simple Things To Do

Turn off your computer or the TV

when you’re not using it.

Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs
What’s the Compact
Incandescen
t difference? Fluorescen
t

500 lbs. of
coal

•1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided

•$30 saved
Simple Things To Do

Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up

the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.

Plant a tree. Recycle.

 Conclusion

�There is very little doubt that global warming will change

our climate in the next century. So what are the solutions
to global warming? First, there must be an international
political solution.
�Second, funding for developing cheap and clean energy
production must be increased, as all economic
development is based on increasing energy usage.
�We must not pin all our hopes on global politics and clean
energy technology, so we must prepare for the worst and
adapt. If implemented now, a lot of the costs and damage
that could be caused by changing climate can be
mitigated.
Reference

● www.google.com
● www.wikipedia.com
● www.studymafia.org
● www.pptplanet.com
Thanks