Ethical and policy factors in Health Care

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Introduction
healthcare matters are sensitive since they directly
affect the lives of people.
Healthcare, therefore, is regulated by ethics and
policies that guide care givers.
For instance, nurses refer to the Code of Ethics.
Governmental Policies Related to Health
All the relevant stakeholders are involved in
organization of patient’s activities
Health policies should be acceptable to the wider
population and influence the activities that promote
provision of quality healthcare.
Care coordination is dependent on the teamwork
among health stakeholders (Weaver et al.,2018)
Privacy Concerns
Advanced technology has increased the threat to
privacy
Medical information is digitally collected and stored.
The patient’s data, therefore, is at risk of unauthorized
disclosure
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPPA) of 1996, provides provisions for data
privacy and security (Farhadi, Haddad, and Shahriar ,
2018).
Medicaid
Medicaid, that provides healthcare coverage to
millions of its citizens
It assists eligible low-income adults, children,
expectant women, elderly people and the disabled,
access quality and affordable health
It is run by states according to federal standards, and
is jointly funded by the two levels of government
(Stevens, 2017).
HIPPA Effect to Care Coordination
HIPPA prevents the disclosure of medical information
even for the purpose of treatment.
The collection department maybe unable to correctly
diagnose a patient due to the limited data passed over
to them.
Some healthcare providers fail to share the entire
medical file for access by other doctors.
The limited availability of a patient’s adequate medical
information affects the effective delivery of care
coordination (Farhadi et al., 2018).
• Treatment, Payment, and Healthcare Operations
(TPHO) privacy rule provides some exemptions to
medical data sharing in care coordination (Sattler,
2017).
• However, PHI requests are not always effective
as required among healthcare providers.
• The availability of a patient’s adequate medical
information affects the effective delivery of care
coordination.
MEDICAID Effect to Care Coordination
Medicaid provides better access to healthcare among
families
Assists health providers to deliver improved quality of
care coordination.
The State of Florida developed the Statewide
Mandatory Managed Care (SMMC) program to
complement Medicaid objectives (Bowers, Owen, and
Heller, 2017).
Ethical Questions/Dilemmas for Care
Coordination
Physicians face the dilemma of whether to treat
patients without insurance covers
Caregivers are not conversant with the process of
identifying patients qualified for subsidized care.
Generic drugs have not solved the question on high
prices of drugs.
The Affordable Care Act is still complex.
In Miami, care coordination is above average especially
for the disabled and the racially marginalized.
Healthy People 2020
Nurses are critical in assessment of social determiners
of health
Nurses focus on Healthy People 2020
The American Nurses Association has developed an
appropriate care coordination model that reduces cost
of healthcare and improves patient outcomes.
Issues in Nursing Homes
Nursing homes play a critical role in access of quality
healthcare.
However, nursing homes face staff shortages, low
finances and an increased number of patients.
The challenges create gaps in the provision of quality
healthcare.
Consequently, they face many legal suits for
negligence.
Conclusion
Ethical policies and regulations affect care
coordination for caregivers.
While they solve problems, they also create
unforeseen challenges.
Nursing homes also face ethical issues and dilemmas.
Improved patient outcomes and satisfaction are
crucial to achievement of healthy people 2020.
References
Bowers, A., Owen, R., & Heller, T. (2017). Care coordination
experiences of people with disabilities enrolled in Medicaid
managed care. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(21), 2207-2214.
Cousins, C., Burrows, R., Cousins, G., Dunlop, E., & Mitchell, G.
(2016). An overview of the challenges facing care homes in the
UK. Nursing older people, 28(9).
Epstein, B., & Turner, M. (2015). The nursing code of ethics: Its value,
its history. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20(2), 1-10.
Farhadi, M., Haddad, H., & Shahriar, H. (2018, July). Static Analysis
of HIPPA Security Requirements in Electronic Health Record
Applications. In 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and
Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (Vol. 2, pp. 474-479). IEEE.
•Herring, J. (2014). Medical law and ethics. Oxford
University Press, USA.
•Runciman, B., Merry, A., & Walton, M. (2017). Safety and
ethics in healthcare: a guide to getting it right. CRC Press.
•Sattler, D. M. (2017). Health Law, Data Privacy and
Security, Fraud, and Abuse. Health Information
Management: Principles and Organization for Health
Information Services.
•Stevens, R. A. (2017). Welfare medicine in America: A
case study of Medicaid. Routledge.
•Weaver, S. J., Che, X. X., Petersen, L. A., & Hysong, S. J.
(2018). Unpacking Care Coordination Through a
Multiteam System Lens. Medical care, 56(3), 247-259.