GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY
 MAGMA:
THE MOLTEN
ROCK
Lesson Objective:
How magma plays an
important role in
Geothermal Energy.
 How Magma Forms
Magma- a molten rock
beneath the surface of Earth.

Magma Chamber-
 consists of a mixture of
molten rock , suspended
mineral grains, dissolved
gases and sometimes gas
bubbles.
How Magma Forms
3 factors involved in the
Formation of Magma

A.Temperature
B.Pressure
C.Presence of
Water
 3 factors
TEMPERATURE-

Magma forms when temperature is

high enough to melt rocks beneath
Earth’s surface.( t- 700˚C- 1300˚C)
This range of temp. exists at the base
of the Lithosphere and the
Asthenosphere.
 3 factors
PRESSURE

Increases with depth due to the

weight of the overlying rocks.

 As pressure increases, the

temperature at which the
substance melts also
increases.
 3 factors
WATER

Also influences the melting

of rocks.
The water present in porous
rocks and in the crystal
structure of some minerals
has a significant effect on the
melting
A wet rock will
point ofmelt at a lower
rocks.
temperature as compared to a
  all these factors play a
crucial role in volcanic
activity.

Steam has a unique property: when it

comes in contact with magma, it
converts thermal energy into
mechanical energy- Geothermal energy
 geothermal power
plant work?
Generally, volcanoes and other natural structures such as hot springs
and fumaroles can be very good reservoirs of geothermal energy.

The steam that comes

from underneath will
then power steam
turbines to generate
electricity.
Types of Geothermal
Power Plants
Types of Geothermal Power
Plants

1. DRY STEAM POWER PLANT-

 Water- Steam

 Steam then passes through a pipe and spins the

turbine, which powers the generators.. The
steam will then go through the condenser to
turn it back to liquid form to be reheated again.
 Emits sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and
carbon dioxide, but there is no combustion or
burning process.
 Thus, the release of harmful gases in a dry
steam power plant is still very low.
Types of Geothermal Power
Plants

2. FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT-

Liquid at a temp. of
182˚C is pushed to the
surface by the high
pressure in the reservoir.
High-pressure liquid is
flashed or vaporized into
steam as it enters the
separator, which will
eventually cause the
Types of Geothermal Power
Plants

3. BINARY POWER PLANT

Working liquids are used

instead of the steam from the
reservoir.
 The working liquids will then
operate the turbines to
generate electricity.
Learning Objectives:
1. trace the concept of
Ancients Greeks on the
Atom.
2. explain the contribution
of Ancients Greeks on the
Atom.
3. Perform a short role play
on the ancient Greeks the
ideas of the Atom.
 Element-a pure substance
that is made up of only one
kind of atom.

Atom- the basic unit of

matter
 • Theory of the atom started in the 5th century BC in
ancient Greece.

• This led to the idea of atoms in a void.

He believed that all

things are made up
of tiny, indivisible
LEUCIPPUS particles.
of Miletus
(480BC-460
BC)
 • Theory of the atom started in the 5th century BC in
ancient Greece (400BC)

• This led to the idea of atoms in a void.

 465 B.C
 A student of Leucippus
. All matter was composed of small
indestructible particles which he called
atoms from the Greek work atomos-
“indivisible”.
 Matter can be subdivided only to a certain
point at which only atoms remain.
DEMOCRITU
S of Abdera  Atomist- those who supported Leucippus and
(460BC- Democritus idea of the atom.
370BC)
Do you believe in the atomists’ idea that by
continuously grinding an object, you will have the
smallest indivisible particle of that matter?
 fire
earth air
Aristotle water
He claimed that all matter consisted
of four elements –earth, fire, water
and air.
However, his theory persisted for 2000
years
 fire
earth air
water
Aristotle
(384BC-322BC)
• 340 B.C - Aristotle modified an earlier
theory that matter was made of four
“elements”: earth, fire, water, air.

• Aristotle was wrong. However, his

theory persisted for 2000 years.
Read and Answer: more about the theories of the atoms by
the early Greeks.
1. How did modern civilization come to learn about the ideas
of Leucippus and Democritus?
2. What are the five major points of their atomic theory?
3. what is the significance of having a lower limit at which an
atom can be divided?
4. What is the purpose of the “void”.
5. How do you think these ancient philosopher were able to
theorize to this level of specificity about the characteristics of
the atom?
6. Why did their ideas “recede into the background” of atomic
thought until the 17th century?
Choose the correct answer on the board to complete the
blanks of the following sentences below.
1. __________-first to proposed on atomic model
-all matter could be divided into smaller and smaller
pieces until a single 2. _____particle was reached.
- called this particle an atom 3. ____.
- believed that different atoms are of different 4. ____
sizes have regular 5. ______ and are in constant motion.
Aristotle- severely criticized Democritus theory, arguing
that the ideas of atoms in continuous motion in a void is
illogical.
- supported the 6. _____ theory of matter.
-based on the idea that all matter is made up of four
basic element: 7.____ , 8. _______, 9. ___________, and 10. air.
ASSIGNMENT. (short bond hand written)
Read in advance and summarized the
following:
1. Daltons Atomic Theory.
2. The contribution of J.J Thomson, Ernest
Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr in
the understanding of the atomic structure.
3. Who discovered the three subatomic particle
such as Protons, Neutron and Electron and
what instrument or experiment used?
The Atomists: Leucippus of Miletus and
Democritus of Abdera
1. What specific contributions did Leucippus and
Democritus make in the development of their
atomic theory?
2. Why did Leucippus first develop the basic
atomic theory in response to the Eleatics.
3. How did the philosophers assess atoms in terms
of the senses?
4. According to Democritus, how are universe
formed?
5. How does modern atomic theory differ from the
early Atomists?
Democritus of Abdera
1. What made Democritus “a man of great
learning”?
2. Was Leucippus the first to propose an atomic
theory? Explain
3. in what ways did Democritus advance and
broaden the atomic theory?
4. How was this significant?
5. What was unsual about Democritus theory on
the origin of the universe?
6. What is the significant about Democritus wish
to “remove the beliefs in gods”?