Mohenjo-daro

• The Indus valley civilization (ivc)was a bronze age ci

vilization (3000--1300 BCE)located in the western re
gion of south,Asia and spread over what are now p
akistan,northwest india,and eastern Afghanistan

• Excavations first conducted in 1921-22 in the ancien

t cities of Harappa and mohenjo-daro both now in p
akistan
• believed to be created by the Dravidian.
who discovered it?
• mohenjo-daro was discovered 1922 by R.D Banerji,
an indain archaeological officer.

• large-scale excavation were carried by sir John Mars

hall 1925.
interesting Facts
• The indus valley script has not been deciphered by lingui
sts.

• no one known the truth about its destruction.

• 70% of the city is yet to be excavated.

• mohenjo-daro has a planned layout based on a street g
rid of rectilinear buildings.
• The buildings were constructed of sun dried and burnt b
ricks
Mohen-jo-daro had.....
• a central marketplace,
• a large central wall,
• individual/Group households
• waste water covered drains
• Great bath
• underground furnace
• House courtyards
• streets
• Grain storage
• some buildings had two stories
• The Indus city was made of mud-brick building.it h
as walls and roads

• water was very important to Indus people,so the bu

ilders started by digging wells,and laying drains

• Most Indus people, perhaps 9 out of 10 people wer

e farmers and traders
• Mohenjo-daro is divided into two section

• Citade smaller in area but highly developed

• Lower Town
• large in area but less devoloped than citadel
mohenjo-daro
At the western end of the site is an
area known as the citadel.This area
of the city was built on top of a
mound of bricks almost 12 metres
high.A large staircase ran up the side
of this mound.
Citadel area may have been used for
public gathering, religious activities or
important administration activity
• The "great bath"is without doubt the earliest public
water tank in the ancient world.

• finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum plaster

and all side walls

• Most scholars agree that this tank would have bee

n used for special religious functions where water w
as used to purify the bathers.
• in 1950, sir Mortimer wheelers identified one large
building in mohenjo-daro as a "Great Granary"

• certain wall-division in its massive wooden superstr

ucture appeared to be grain storge-bays complete
with air-ducts to dry the grain.
• Granary is adjacent to the Great bath
mohenjo-daro
• Lower Town
The "Lower town" is made up of numerous lower mo
unds that lie to the east and may represent multiple
walled neighborhoods.

The lower town is organized on a grid system with fo

ur avenues running from north to south and four run
ning from east to west.The avenues are several meter
s wide and have drains running down the middle or si
de of the road.
• features of Houses in lower Town
• Most of the homes are made of baked bricks in a st
andard size 28×14×7 meters.

• The remains of stairways, seems to suggest that ma

ny of the buildings had two storeys
• Tge Houses were cool inside.Thick walls kept people
cool in the heat of summer.
• walls were covered with mud plaster.it Is not clear if
people painted the walls,
• The structure of the house's has one or more toilets
or toilet connected to a centralized system.
• underground sewer pipes are said to be planned and
organized by a centralized government.
• over 700 public and private wells have been found at
mohenjo-daro
 Trade
• Indus valley cities lived by trade.farmers brought fo
od into the cities.Trade goods included terracotta p
ots,beads,gold and silver,coloured gem stones, met
als, seashells and pearls
 Arts

most artifact unearthed were toys

indicting that the Dravidian liked
entertainment and loved to play

Their disappearance remains a

mystery due to no traces of war
were evident
possible causes of Disappea
rance
• Famine,hunger,drought.
• Ecological factors /Natural disasters
• Flood
• Earthquake
• volcanic Eruption.
• plagues
• invasions by another civilization like the Aryans.
References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mohenjo-daro

• http://www.tslr.net/2007/09/mohenjo-daro ancien
t -city-of-Indus. html

• http://www.semp.us/publication /boot reader.php?

BiotID=576

• www.youtube.com