Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DRUGS
By: Keverne Jhay P. Colas
CONTENTS
1. ANTIHISTAMINES
2. ANTITUSSIVES
3. BRONCHODILATORS
4. DECONGESTANTS
5. EXPECTORANTS
6. MUCOLYTICS
ANTIHISTAMINES
Histamine antagonists are drugs
typically used in allergic reactions
MOA:
inhibitthe action of histamine by
blocking it from attaching to histamine
receptors;
or it may inhibit the enzymatic activity
of histidine decarboxylase, catalyzing
the transformation of histidine into
histamine (atypical antihistaminics).
INDICATIONS
INDICATIONS:
Should not be used with
productive cough.
CONTRAINDICATIONS/ CAUTIONS:
Should be used with caution in
clients with addiction.
SIDE EFFECTS;
Dizziness; Sedation
COMMON
ANTITUSSIVES
Narcotic antitussives
1. Codeine
2. Hydrocodone (HYCODAN)
Non-narcotic antitussives
3. Dextromethorphan
(ALLERIN, MYRACOF,
ROBITUSSIN, TUSERAN)
NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Assess type and frequency of
cough present.
2. Assess if the cough is
interrupting rest and sleep.
3. Instruct the client to take the
medication only as prescribed
and not to increase the dose
without consulting the
physician.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
4. Teach the client that drowsiness
may occur, so driving or
performing any task that requires
full level of alertness should be
avoided.
5. Note that the medication may be
used in conjunction with a
vaporizer in the evening.
6. Instruct the client that if coughing
persists after 5 to 7 days to
return the physician.
BRONCHODILATORS
Bronchospasm
An increase in the tone of
smooth muscle in the
bronchi resulting in a
narrowing of airway. May be
caused by allergy, emotional
factors, exercise or infection.
BRONCHODILATORS
BRONCHODILATORS
BRONCHODILATORS
Action
Bronchodilators produce the following effects:
Cerebral Stimulation
Skeletal Muscle Stimulation
Bronchodilation with increase vital capacity
Pulmonary Vasodilation
Bronchial Smooth Muscle Relaxation
Coronary Vasodilation
Cardiac Stimulation
Diuresis
Specific effects by major sub-groups
1. Anticholinergic agents
(ipratropium bromide) relieve
bronchospasm caused by
excessive parasympathetic
nervous system stimulation.
Specific effects by major sub-groups
2. Sympathomimetics (albuterol,
ephedrine, epinephrine,
isoetharine, isoproterenol,
metaproterenol, terbutaline)
3. Xanthines (aminophyline,
theophyline) are sometimes
called phosphodiesterase
inhibitors.
INDICATIONS
1. Symptomatic relief/prevention of
bronchial asthma and
bronchospasm associated with
chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.
2. Can also be used to treat
anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest
because they stimulate the heart
rate and the force of contraction.
INDICATIONS
3. Sometimes mixed with local
anesthetics to produce
vasoconstriction at the site of
injection. This reduces bleeding
at the site of injection and
prolongs the effect of the local
anesthetic.
Phenylpropanolamine
FDA has asked manufacturers of human PPA products to
voluntarily withdraw their products from the market due to
the rare but serious cerebral hemorrhage reaction seen
occasionally in humans suffering from high blood pressure.
COMMON DECONGESTANTS
Phenylpropanolamine
Do not take phenylpropanolamine
for longer than 7 days if your
condition does not improve or if
your symptoms are accompanied
by a high fever.
COMBINATION OF
DECONGESTANTS-
ANTIHISTAMINES
D and A Combination
Antihistamine and decongestant
combinations are used to treat
the nasal congestion (stuffy
nose), sneezing, and runny nose
caused by colds and hay fever.
D and A Combination
ALLEGRA D
Fruit juices and certain antacids can make it harder for
your body to absorb Allegra.
Take the disintegrating tablet on an empty stomach, at
least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
FDA PC-C
CLARITIN-D
Claritin-D contains a combination of loratadine and
pseudoephedrine
FDA PC-B
DECONGESTANTS FOR
SINUSITIS
Oxymethazoline
Hydrochloride (Afrin)
Phenylephrine
Hydrochloride (Neo-
Synephrine, Sinex
Decongestant Nasal
Spray)
DECONGESTANTS FOR
SINUSITIS
Pseudoephedrine
Hydrochloride (SINE-OFF,
SUDAFED)
Combination of a pain reliever
and a decongestant.
It is used to treat symptoms of
the common cold and other
sinus congestion with pain or
NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Encourage the client to take
fluids liberally.
2. Instruct the client to avoid
smoking and being near
cigarette smoke.
EXPECTORANTS
NURSING MANAGEMENT
3. Have the client call the
physician if the cough
persists for 5 to 7 days after
treatment is initiated.
4. Instruct the client to use
other therapies such as
vaporizer, humidifier,
increased fluid intake, and
adequate nutrition.
MUCOLYTICS