The Psychological

View of Self
 Psychology
• Came from Greek words “psyche” and
“logos”, which literally means “soul”
and “mind study”
• Scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.
• As a science, it is concerned with how
we develop our sense of self over the
course of its development
 Me-Self- and I-self
• The sum total of all that he/she can call
his/her, not only his /her body and
his/her psychic power, but his/her
clothes, his/her house, his/her spouse
and children, etc
• The self is a construct which
encompasses all aspects of the person –
both tangible and observable and even
the internal and more private aspects
of the self
 Three Constituents
of the Me-Self
1. Material Self – this consists of one’s
body, clothes, family, home and the other
possessions that one values and regards
s one’s own
2. Social Self – this includes how we think
other people think about us – our
reputation is society
3. Spiritual Self – this includes our
psychological faculties and dispositions
as well as thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
 I-self ( the Self Me-self (the self
owner) as known)
Also called pure Also called the
ego empirical self
The processor of Further divided
information or into three
the thinker, which constituents: a.
allows one to be the material self,
aware of the b. the social self,
environment and c. the spiritual
one’s existence self
within the
 The Differentiated
Self
o Dr. Murray Bowe (1913-1990) – an
American psychiatrist who was one of the
pioneers of family therapy
o Differentiation of Selves – refers to the
degree to which one is able to balance
a. emotional and intellectual functioning
b. intimacy and autonomy in relationship
o It involves the ability to make clear
boundaries between our thoughts and
feelings and to choose which of the two
will guide our behavior
 Highly
Differentiated Self
o Individuals are able to balance autonomy
and intimacy in their relationship
o This means that one is able to establish
connection with others without losing
one’s self in the process
 Poorly
Differentiated Self
o Individuals may engage in fusion in their
relationships
o This means that they become very
attached to roles they play in a
relationship, they have few firmly held
beliefs, they are more likely to be
compliant and seek approval before
making necessary decisions
Constituent Self feeling Self-
s of the seeking
“Me” self
Material The feelings The
Social and individual
Spiritual emotions effort to
that are preserve and
aroused in better one’s
he individual self
by one’s knowledge
knowledge and the
and resulting
appraisal of self-feeling
one’s
 Carl Rogers – a
Concep psychologist who is the
proponent of Self theory
ts Self – is made up of many
related self-perceptions,abilities
and personality
to self characteristics that are
organized and consistent
with one another
Self-concept or self
identity - refers to the
global understanding a
 1.Real self – the image
Two or picture of the self
Kinds based on a person’s
of actual experiences and
Selves represents how he/she
really or actually sees
himself/herself
2.Ideal self – is based
on one’s hopes and
wishes which reflects
to see himself/herself.
 Psychoanalytic View of Self
• Formulated by Sigmund Freud
• Psychoanalysis: Freud’s Theory of
Personality
• Freud’s theory suggest that personality is
composed of the id the id, the ego the ego,
and the superego the superego.
1. ID: the unorganized, inborn part of
personality whose purpose is to immediately
reduce tensions relating to hunger, sex,
aggression, and other primitive impulses.
2. EGO: restrains instinctual energy in order
to maintain the safety of the individual and
to help the person to be a member of
society.
• Oral stage ( 0-1 year)
1.Oral region (erogenous zone)
2.Infants derive much pleasure in
sucking activities such as sucking
fingers,toes and nipples
3.If not satisfied with this stage, needs
may continue to resurface at a later
period in life in such forms as eating
or smoking
• Anal stage (2-3 years)
1.Emphasis on toilet trainings
2.Over attention or lack of attention to
children’s toilet training may cause problems
associated with fixation of development at
this stage:Compulsive need to be clean and
orderly, Frugality and Greed
3.Obstinate insistence on doing things at one’s
own rate even at the expense of one’s
patience, time, excessive massiveness and
disorderly habits
• Phallic Stage (4-6 years)
1.Genital region (erogenous zone)
2.Derive pleasure from activities associated
with striking and manipulating their sex
organs
3.Oedipus complex – boys experience rivalry
with their father for their mothers
attention and affection
4.Electra complex – girls experience a similar
crisis at this time of life. Girl sees her
mother as rival for her father’s attention
but fear for mother is less
• Latency Stage (6-12 years)
1.Calm and stable period
2.Disturbing and conflicting feelings
of children are buried in the
subconscious mind
3.Energies are absorbed by school
learning, peer relations, sports and
other recreational activities
• Genital stage (13 years
onwards)
1.Starts with onset of puberty
2.Oedipal feelings are reactivated
and directed toward other persons
of the opposite sex
Psychosocial theory of
development
• Formulated by Erik
Erickson
• According to him, for each
stage of development,
some kind of psychosocial
crisis is likely to occur
• First five stages occur
during childhood and
adolescent years while the
last three stages occur
• Stage 1 (0-2 years) – Trust vs.
Mistrust
1.Child learns either trust or mistrust
2.If mother or the substitute mother is
consistently affectionate and loving, the
infant develops feeling of security and trust.
Child becomes open to new experiences
3.If the mother is cold, inattentive and
rejecting, abusive or inconsistent in
discipline, the infant becomes insecure and
distrustful. Child becomes close to new
experience
• Stage 2 (2-3 years) – Autonomy
vs. Doubt
1.Child learns to walk, talk and use his
hands
2.Child begins to make choices and express
his will
3.If encouraged, he develops a sense of
autonomy and independence
4.If unwanted, child may develop a sense of
doubt and shame manifested in feelings of
worthlessness and incompetence feeling
• Stage 3 (3-6 years) – Initiative vs.
guilt
1.Child begin to explore his social and
physical worlds discovering what he can
accomplish
2.Child begins to identify with appropriate
adult sex role and imitate aspects of the
adult’s behavior
3.However, if punished for attempts to
establish initiative behavior, he may
develop a sense of guilt. He may adopt a
passive pattern of behavior that will guide
his future behavior
Stage 4 (6-12 years) Industry vs.
Inferiority
• Technical skills are learned and feelings of
competence enlarged
• Child enters the new world of
neighborhood and the school
• Striving to master great number of
activities in order to win acceptance and
prestige in their peer group
• If children come to believe that they
cannot achieve according to their
expectations or to the expectations of their
school, family or peers, their sense of
Stage 5 (13-19 years) Identity vs.
identity confusion
• Identity-formation crisis
• “who I am and what can I do when I
become adult?”
• When it becomes too difficult for
adolescent to establish a clear picture
of his self-identity, a sense of role
confusion results
• Establishment of their ideal of who he
is and what he can be as an adult,
becomes prepared to move on to the
Stage 6 (20-39 years) Intimacy
vs. Isolation
Age of intimacy
Individual develop warm
intimate relationship with
another person
If sense of intimacy is not
acquired during this time of
life, a sense of isolation
develops instead
 Stage 7 (40-65 years) –
Generatively vs. Self-Absorption
Productive years of adulthood
Individual’s productivity is
gauzed by his contributions to his
family and society
Person who fails to develop this
sense of generativity becomes
preoccupied with his personal
needs and interest or both with
sense of self absorption
 Stage 8 (66 onwards) –
Integrity vs.Despair
This is the fulfillment and
culmination of psychosocial
development of the previous stages
This is the achievement of a sense
integrity resulting from
identification with mankind
If a person develop an attitude of
regret and fear of the end of life,
then sense of despair emerges
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