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@ a specific reaction of the
immune system to a foreign
and frequently harmless
substance

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- Substances that causes
allergies
- Ex. pollen, certain foods, dust,
mold spores, chemicals, insect
venom, dander from animals,
certain medicines
- Produces allergic reactions of
sneezing & a runny nose
p


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Π
   
 

-. Allergen enters the body. Immune
system considers this as a foreign
invader.
2. Antigens on the surface of allergens
attach to special immune cells in the
linings of the nasal passages.
3. These immune cells release
3


3

 , chemicals that can
stimulate mucus and fluid
production.
4. Histamines cause sneezing, itchy
eyes, runny nose, and other allergy
symptoms.
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Allergic Reactions can be severe
& life-threatening
@ Severe hives

@ Itching & swelling of an area

stung by an insect
@ Difficulty in breathing or
swallowing
@ Swelling of the tongue, mouth,
or eyes
@ Sharp drop in blood pressure,
which can cause dizziness
 pp
@ An inflammatory condition in which the small airways in
the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in
breathing
@ During an asthma attack, the muscles of the bronchial
walls tighten & produces excess mucus
Common triggers:
Air pollution
Pet dander
Tobacco smoke
Microscopic molds
Pollen
Dust mites
 pp

Managing Asthma:
-. Monitor the
condition.
2. Manage your
environment.
3. Manage stress.

4. Take medication
properly.
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@ Chronic disease that affects the way body cells
convert sugar into energy
Symptoms:
M Frequent urination
M Excessive thirst
M Unexplained weight loss
M Sudden change in vision
M Tingling in hands & feet
M Frequent fatigue
M Sores that are slow to heal
M More infections than usual
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@ Auto-immune disease
@ The body fails to produce
insulin, thus glucose
builds up in the blood,
cells don·t get the energy
they need
@ The immune system
mistakenly attacks itself,
targeting the tissues &
organs of a person·s own
body
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@ The body is unable to
make enough insulin
or to use insulin
properly
@ Acquired type of
diabetes
@ Linked to childhood
obesity
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Úays to prevent:
-. Choose low-fat, low calorie foods.

2. Participate in regular physical activity.

Management:
-. Monitor blood sugar

2. Make healthful eating decisions

3. Engage in physical activity

4. Take prescribed medications

 p
@ A group of more than the
- different diseases that
cause pain & loss of
movement in the joints
@ No cure; only self-
management to reduce
pain & improve movement

2 main forms:
-. Osteoarthritis
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
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„ 3


- A disease of the joints
in which cartilage
breaks down
- Causes the cartilage to
become pitted &
frayed; in time it will
wear away, causing the
bones to rub painfully
against each other
 „
„p

  
 
 
„ 3


-. Control your weight.
2. Stay active.
3. Prevent sports injuries.
4. Protect against Lyme disease.
*Lyme Disease - tick-borne
disease; a
 is
transmitted to humans by the
bite of infected ticks belonging
to a few species of the genus

 ("hard ticks").

p„
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3

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- A disease
characterized by the
debilitating
destruction of the
joints due to
inflammation
- 3x more common in
women than in men

p„
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3

p3

Symptoms:
-. Joint pain, inflammation,
swelling & stiffness
2. Deformed joints that can·t
function normally
3. Possible fever, fatigue, swollen
lymph glands
M Both sides of the body
develop the same
symptoms at the same
time.
 
p„
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3

p3


  
@ Relieve pain, Reduce
inflammation, Keep joints
flexible
-. Medication
2. Exercise
3. Rest
4. Joint protection
5. Physical & occupational
therapy