TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

 Development theories is principal

theoretical explanations to interpret
development efforts carried out especially
in the developing countries. 
 These theoretical perspectives not only to
clarify concepts, to set them in economic
and social perspectives, but also to
identify recommendations in terms of
social policies.
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Teori yang telah berkembang sebelumnya :

1.Modernisasi  diidentikan Pembangunan
2.Industrialisasi seringkali
3.Pertumbuhan disebut

 Dependensia
 World System
 Globalization
 Economic Development
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 Development is understood as a social
condition within a nation,
nation in which the
authentic needs of its population are
satisfied by the rational and sustainable
use of natural resources and systems.
 General definition of development includes
the specification that social groups have
access to organizations, basic services
such as education, housing, health
services, and nutrition, and above all else,
that their cultures and traditions are
respected within the social framework
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN
 In economic terms,
indicates that for the population of a
country, there are employment
opportunities, satisfaction -at least- of
basic needs, and the achievement of a
positive rate of distribution and
redistribution of national wealth.
In political sense,
emphasizes that governmental systems
have legitimacy not only in terms of the
law, but also in terms of providing social
benefits for the majority of the population.
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

MODERNISATION:

there are three main and historical elements

which were favorable to the inception of
the modernization theory of development
after the Second World War
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MODERNISATION (origin history):

First, there was the rise of the United
States as a superpower.  While other
Western nations, such as Great Britain,
France, and Germany, were weakened
by World War II, the United States
emerged from the war strengthened,
and became a world leader with the
implementation of the Marshall Plan to
reconstruct war-torn Western Europe.
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MODERNISATION: (origin history) :

Second, there was the spread of a
united world communist movement.
Soviet Union extended its influence
not only to Eastern Europe, but also
to China and Korea. 
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MODERNISATION (origin history):

Third, there was the disintegration of 
European colonial empires in Asia,
Africa and Latin America, giving birth to
many new nation-states in the Third
World.  These nascent nation-states
were in search of a model of
development to promote their economy
and to enhance their political
independence.
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Modernization theory (Smelser):

 modern societies are more productive,
productive
children are better educated,
educated and the
needy receive more welfare.
 modern societies have the particular
feature of social structural
differentiation,
differentiation that is to say a clear
definition of functions and political roles
from national institutions
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Modernization theory (Coleman):

Three main features of modern societies,
 differentiation of political structure
 secularization of political culture
-with the ethos of equality
 enhances the capacity of a society’s
political system.
system
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Modernization theory (Reyes):

Major assumptions of the modernization theory
of development,
 modernization is a phased process, for
example Rostow has 5 phases
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Kondisi obyektif yang tersedia :

1. Banyak negara yang baru merdeka
setelah tahun 1945
2. Belum tersedia (dalam jumlah mencukupi)
proses produksi ekonomi masyarakat /
negara
3. Ketersediaan sumber daya manusia
(tidak) produktif
4. Ketersediaan sarana pendukung proses
produksi ekonomi
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Situasi internasional yang ada :

1. Berubahnya negara adidaya
2. Berubahnya situasi pasar dunia
3. Menguatnya blok ideologis
4. Munculnya permintaan
industrialisasi, modernisasi dan
perumbuhan
5. Mengedepannya peran negara
TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Teori - Teori:
1. Industrialisasi
2. Modernisasi
3. Pertumbuhan
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Teori - Teori:
1. Industrialisasi
2. Modernisasi
3. Pertumbuhan
MUASAL MUNCUL NGO

TATA ATURAN

NEGARA LEMBAGA
DAN
“AGEN” ASOSIASI

HAK
REPRESIF HIDUP
LAYAK

LIBERAL dan
MASYARAKAT KOMUNIS
 PEMERINTAH

NGO UU &
ATIKULASI AGREGASI POLICY
( LSM )

PERWAKILAN

HAK
HIDUP
LAYAK

LIBERAL dan
MASYARAKAT KOMUNIS
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN
KONSEKUENSI SITUASIONAL PASKA 1945 :
I. POSITIVIS
1. NEGARA PEMENANG PERANG 1945
MERUMUSKAN “RESEP” HOW TO PROGRESS
NEW STATE CALLED DEVELOPMENT 
TEORITISASI
2. MEMPERSYARATKAN IDEOLOGI SBG NILAI
DLM TEORI PEMBANGUNAN
3. STRUKTURALISASI DUNIA & NEW WAR
EMERGE
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN
NEGARA MEMANG MEMBUTUHKAN PROGRES :
I. POSITIVIS
1. DIBUTUHKAN AGEN (LEMBAGA) YG
MENDAPATKAN LEGITIMASI INTERNAL &
EKSTERNAL UNTUK MENJALANKAN
FORMULA TRACK.
2. DIBUTUHKAN MODEL YG LEBIH BERSIFAT
TEHNIS DGN GAMBARAN BASE AND GOAL
CONDITION, SERTA INDIKATOR
3. GEJALA PEMBANGUNAN UNIVERSAL
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN
KONSEKUENSI SITUASIONAL PASKA 1945 :
II. RADIKAL
1. NEGARA BARU DAPAT MERUMUSKAN ARAH
PROGRESS YANG DIINGINKAN SENDIRI
2. TEORI HANYA PANDUAN YANG TDK HARUS
ORIENTATIF
3. SEJARAH GROWING STATE DAPAT TERALAMI
OLEH SEMUA NEGARA  REALISME POWER
4. BERSAMA MENG-CONSTRUCT NEW WORLD &
RELATION
 TEORI – TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

NEGARA MEMANG MEMBUTUHKAN PROGRES :

II. RADIKAL
1. PERTUMBUHAN BKN MASALAH TEHNIS
SEMATA TAPI HARUS MELIBATKAN DESIGN
SOSIAL.
2. MENOLAK KETIGA “ANGGAPAN”
POSITIVISTIK  AGEN TUNGGAL, MODEL &
TEHNIS, DAN UNIVERSAL
3. OTORITAS KPD AGEN HRS NETRAL BKN
PENGALAMAN “PRIBADI”
Thinking what must be continued and changed
The future of international governance ?
Thinking their (Major Power) trail what must
be kept in continuity work.
The tactic of global neo-liberalism by :
1. Form of geo-politic, by UN, IMF, World
Bank, WTO, market block, etc.
2. Strategies of geo-politic, by research
and studies fund, action plan fund, and
fund rising, etc.
3. Popular of geo-politic, by media,
movies, theatre and art appreciation,
fashion, etc