HUMAN, THINKING &

KNOWLEDGE

By :
Khalil Armi
1603101010017
quotes: 
 
• Tanpa saudara kandungnya Pengetahuan, Akal (Instrumen
berfikir Manusia) bagaikan si miskin yang tak berumah,
sedangkan Pengetahuan tanpa akal seperti rumah yang tak
terjaga. Bahkan, Cinta, Keadilan, dan Kebaikan akan terbatas
kegunaannya jika akal tak hadir (Kahlil Gibran)

• Knowledge is wealth and perfection.

…Someone who knows more is better than someone who
doesn't know anything (Louis Leahy)

• Knowing is an activity that makes the subject communicate

dynamically with the existence and nature of "things“ (Sartre)
MEANING TO BE HUMAN
huma
n
ANIMAL HUMAN
Soul/Reason/spiritual
Physics/Biologic
Think
Eat Knowledge
Drink Society
Grow Culture
Breed Believe in god
Definition of Humans by Experts:

• Plato (427 – 348 BC).

• In Plato's view, humans are

viewed dualistically, the
elements of the body and the
element of the soul, the body
will be destroyed while the soul
does not, the soul has three
functions (power) namely
logysticon (thinking / rational),
thymoeides (Courage), and
epithymetikon (Desire)
• Aristoteles (384 – 322 BC).
Humans are animals who is
sensible, who issue their opinions,
who speak according to reason.
Humans are political animals
(Zoon Politicon / Political Animal),
that build society over families into
impersonal groupings until
villages and countries
Ibnu Khaldun (1332
– 1406).

Humans are animals

with the ability to think,
this ability is the source
of perfection and the
peak of all glory and
have highest level than
other creatures.
Ibnu Maskawaih.
Stating that humans
are creatures that have
several special ability:
1) Al Quwwatul
Aqliyah (ability of
thinking/ reason)
2) Al Quwwatul
Godhbiyyah (angry)
3) Al Quwwatu
Syahwiyah (desire).
Thinking is…
• thinking is the development of ideas and concepts, this
definition seems very simple but the substance is quite
deep, thinking is not a physical activity but is a mental
activity, if someone is mentally attached to something and
something continues to run in his memory, then that
person can be said to be thinking (J.M. Bochenski)

• According to Partap Sing Mehra think that is looking for

something that is not yet known based on something that is
already known. the thought process includes things:
Conception (forming idea)
Judgment (determine something)
Reasoning (consideration of reasoning)
• According John Dewey think has the following sequence:
Difficulties arise, both in the form of adaptation to tools,
difficult about the nature, or in explaining things that
appear suddenly.
Then the sense of difficulty is given a definition in the
form of a problem.
A possible solution arises in the form of inventions,
hypotheses, inferences or theories.
The ideas of solving are explained rationally through the
formation of implications by collecting evidence (data).
Strengthen the proof of the ideas above and conclude
them either through statements or experiments.
• Kelly stated that the process of thinking as follows :
Difficult arises
The sense of difficulty is defined
Looking for a temporary solution
Adding information to the solution that led to the
belief that the solution is correct.
Carry out further solutions with experimental
verification
Conducting research on experimental findings
toward a mental breakdown to be accepted or
rejected so that it again creates a sense of difficulty.
Give a foresight or mental picture of the situation to
come to be able to use these solutions appropriately.
Science is…
• According to Langeveld
knowledge is the unity of the knowing subject
and the known object.
Subjects are individuals who have the ability to
know (understand) and objects are things or
things that they want to know.
Individual (human) is a reality and things are
another reality, their relationship is a process of
knowing and when united there is knowledge for
humans
Think & Knowledge

Think Knowledge
Thinking and knowledge are two things that
characterize the virtues of humans, without human
knowledge it will be difficult to think and without
thinking further knowledge is impossible to achieve.
the more knowledge one has, the more complicated
the activity of thinking, likewise the more complex
the activity of thinking, the richer the accumulation
of knowledge.
Hierarchy of Thinking
Thi • Ordinary and simple thinking
nki
ng produces ordinary
/ knowledge (common sense)
phi • Factual systematic thinking
los about certain objects
op produces scientific
Thinkin
hy
knowledge (science)
g/ • Radical thinking about the
scientifi nature of things produces
philosophical knowledge
c (philosophy)
Thinking/
(common
sense)