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DiSTILLATION
TYPE OF DISTILLATION
OUTLINES
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION
PRODUCTS
EFFECT OF B.P ON DISTILLATION
INTRODUCTION
• The process of distillation of crude oil is the first step in its manufacture to
obtain petroleum derivatives of all kinds, and the distillation process
depends on the separation of petroleum products based on the boiling point
of each part of its components.
DISTILLATION
PROCESS
I. Atmospheric tower(Primary or air distillation ): they
operate at or slightly above atmospheric pressure .
II. pressure tower: which process very light materials
TYPE OF operate at high pressure to keep the product in liquid
DISTILLATION state .
III. vacuum column: this type of tower operate below
atmospheric pressure in partial vacuum.
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION PROCESS
• bottom product
•Part is sent to the rebuilder where is heated and vaporize and return to the
column.
5. At the top of the tower:
•Top product
1.Number of tray.
2.Length of tower.
• Separate products that have small difference in B.P require large number
of tray ,so tower will have high length, while separate products that have
large different in B.P require less number of tray ,so tower length will be
shorter
EFFECT OF B.P ON DISTILLATION TOWER
REFLUX RATIO
• Reflux ratio :is the ration of the amount of liquid that's returned to the the
column to the amount sent to the overhead storage.
• Reflux: cools the top of the column to keep it within specific temperature
range ,it helps condense heavier fractions that may rise with vapor and
improve separation .
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