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LOREM IPSUM DOLOR

SIT AMET, ATMOSPHERIC


CONSECTETUER
ADIPISCING ELIT DISTILLATION 
INTRODUCTION

DiSTILLATION

TYPE OF DISTILLATION
OUTLINES
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION

ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION
PRODUCTS
EFFECT OF B.P ON DISTILLATION
INTRODUCTION

• Refining is the necessary processes by which crude oil can be processed,


extract the many desirable compounds from it, and convert them into
products suitable for consumption, as it is not possible to use crude oil as it
is found in the ground.
DISTILLATION 

• The process of distillation of crude oil is the first step in its manufacture to
obtain petroleum derivatives of all kinds, and the distillation process
depends on the separation of petroleum products based on the boiling point
of each part  of its components.
DISTILLATION
PROCESS
I. Atmospheric tower(Primary or air distillation ): they
operate at or slightly above atmospheric pressure .
II. pressure tower: which process very light materials
TYPE OF operate at high pressure to keep the product in liquid
DISTILLATION  state .
III. vacuum column: this type of tower operate below
atmospheric pressure in partial vacuum.
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION PROCESS

1.The feed  is preheated by a furnace or heat exchanger. 

2.The fed enters the column some of lighter components


vaporize and begin moving toward the   top of the column. 

3.The of heavy components do not vaporize and flow


down the tower. 
ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION PROCESS

4.    At the bottom of the tower:

• bottom product

•Part is sent to the rebuilder where is heated and vaporize and return to the
column. 
5. At the top of the tower:

•Top product   

Part  is sent to re condenser which is cooled and condensed and reflux to


tower.
ATMOSPHERIC
DISTILLATION
PROCESS
ATMOSPHERIC
DISTILLATION
PROCESS
EFFECT OF B.P ON DISTILLATION TOWER

• The effect of B.P range on distillation tower:  

1.Number of tray.
2.Length of tower.
• Separate products that have small difference in B.P require large number
of tray ,so tower will have high length, while separate products that have
large different in B.P require less number of tray ,so tower length will be
shorter 
EFFECT OF B.P ON DISTILLATION TOWER 
REFLUX RATIO

• Reflux  ratio :is the ration of the amount of liquid that's  returned to the the
column to the amount sent to the overhead storage.
• Reflux: cools the top of the column to keep it within specific temperature
range ,it helps condense heavier fractions that may rise with vapor and
improve separation .
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