Classification of Wastes According to their Effects on

Human Health and the Environment

A. Hazardous wastes – are unsafe substances used
commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or
economically. Examples are paint, motor oil, pesticide,
drain opener, prescription drugs, air fresheners,
batteries.

B. Non-hazardous – are safe substances used

commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or
economically. Examples are papers, cardboard, linings,
wrappings, paper packaging materials
or absorbents.
Process Flow of Waste Management
The process flow refers to the 3 (or 4) Rs of reduce, reuse,
recycle, and recover which classify waste management
strategies according to their desirability. The Rs are meant to
be a hierarchy, in order of importance. However, the waste
hierarchy has 5 steps: reduce, reuse, recycle, recovery, and
disposal.

Reduce - to buy less and use less.

Reuse - elements of the discarded item are used again.
Recycle - discards are separated into materials that may be
incorporated into new products
OPERATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURE, PRACTICES AND
REGULATION/EMERGENCY-RELATED
DRILLS AND TRAINING

Fire Safety
This refers to precautions that are taken to
prevent or reduce the likelihood of a fire that
may result in death, injury, or property damage,
alert those in a structure to the presence of an
uncontrolled fire in the event one occurs, better
enable those threatened by a fire to survive, or
to reduce the damage caused by a fire.
Fire safety measures include those that are
planned during the construction of a building or
implemented in structures that are already
standing, and those that are taught to
occupants of the building.
Most fires start in the kitchen because people
are too negligent about loose valves of liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) tanks. There are other
several causes of fire, they are as follows:
 Overheated appliances, like failure to switch
off water heater and unplug flat iron after use
 Worn-out electrical connections
 Left unattended lighted candles
 Overheated lights (Christmas lights to be
specific) and lanterns
 Sudden surge of electricity
Earthquake
It is the shaking and vibration at the surface of
the earth resulting from underground
movement along a fault plane or from volcanic
activity
The following activities are to be undertaken:

During the Earthquake

Indoors
 Stay inside
 Drop, cover and hold on. Move only a few steps to a
nearby safe place. Take cover under and hold onto a piece
of heavy furniture or stand against an inside
wall. Stay indoors until the shaking stops. Stay away from
windows and doors.
 If you are in bed, hold on, stay and protect your head
with a pillow.

Outdoors
 Find a clear spot away from buildings, trees, and power
lines.
 Drop to the ground until the shaking stops.

After the Earthquake

Personal Safety
 Expect aftershocks. Each time you feel one, drop, cover
and hold on.
 Check yourself for injuries. Protect yourself by wearing
long pants, a long sleeved
shirt, sturdy shoes and work gloves.
 Listen to a battery-operated radio or television for the
latest emergency information.
 Check others for injuries. Give first aid where
appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless
they are in immediate danger of further injury.
 Remember to help your neighbors who may require
special assistance--infants, the elderly, and people with
disabilities
Home
 Inspect your home for damage. Get everyone out if your
home is unsafe.
 Fires: Look for and extinguish small fires.
 Gas: Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear
blowing or hissing noise, open a window and leave
building. Turn off the gas at the valve.
 Electricity: Look for electrical system damage. Turn off
the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker if you
see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if smell hot
insulation. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse
box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
 Sewage, Water: Check for sewage and water lines
damage

First Aid
It is the provision of initial care for an illness or
injury. It is usually performed by nonexpert,
but trained personnel to a sick or injured
person until definitive medical treatment can
be accessed.
A good first aider must possess the following
characteristics:
 Watchful – pay strict attention to the
situation.
 Resourceful – ability of devising ways and
means.
 Gentle – having a kind and calm
characteristics.
 Diplomatic – careful in saying a word not to
upset other people.
 Sympathetic – a mutual association or
feeling to be shown to the victim.
 Gladsome – possessing a good spirit, likely
to display gloom