DIRECTIVE

COUNSELING
SWP4: SOCIAL WORK COUNSELING WITH FAMILY THERAPY
PREPARED BY: RASSEL MAE G. RIBO BSSW AS2-1
 Definition of Terms:
Counseling

Counseling is considered to be the most intimate and vital

part of the guidance program. Counseling is as old as society
goes on at many levels. In other word there is no limit to the
problems on which counseling can be offered.

“A professional relationship that empowers diverse

individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health,
wellness, education, and career goals.” (By American
Counselling Association)
 Definition of Terms:
Technique/s

• A technique is a particular method, skill or art applied

to a particular task.
• A method of accomplishing a desired aim.
• A technique is a particular method of doing an
activity, usually a method that involve particular
skills.
 Definition of Terms:
Counseling techniques

• Counseling techniques are the methods which

counselor adapted as for the head of the situation.
• These techniques help the counselor not to form
effective relationship with clients, but it also influences
how clients view themselves, their world and how they
interact with others.
COUNSELING
 Goals of Counseling
According to Williamson
• Counseling seeks to help individuals grow in the direction of
optimum development in all aspects of personality. It aims to help
the individuals arrive at socially enlightened self-understanding and
self-direction. (1966)
• Its function is to help others develop the desire to achieve full
human potentialities. Counseling should facilitate human
development identified with the standard of excellence in all aspects
of living with full consideration of group membership. (1965)
 Major Focus
The major focus of counseling is problem-solving with
respect to objective difficulties in the external world and
also with regards to related, subjective, emotional
disturbances. Since emotions often interfere with
rationality, the have to be dealt with first before moving
on to rational problem-solving. Hence, counseling is a
rational problem-solving process which does not ignore
the influence of emotions (Williamson, 1965).
INTRODUCTION TO
DIRECTIVE
COUNSELING
 Proponent of Directive
Counseling
EDMUND GRIFFITH
WILLIAMSON
• He was born on August 14, 1900, in Rossville, Illinois.
• In 1925 he received a B.A. degree from the University of
Illinois.
• He received a Ph.D. in psychology from the university of
Minnesota in 1931.
• Williamson joined the faculty at the University of Minnesota
Testing Bureau (now the University of Minnesota Counseling
and Consulting Center), 1931- 1938.
• Williamson became the coordinator of student personnel
services in 1938 and was promoted to Professor of Psychology
and Dean of Students in 1941.
• Williamson retired from the University of Minnesota in 1969
and was named a regents professor emeritus.
 Proponent of Directive
Counseling
EDMUND GRIFFITH
WILLIAMSON
◦ Among his other career accomplishments, Williamson was a
Fulbright Scholar in Japan in 1956.
◦ He served the Advisory Committee on Counseling in Vocational
Rehabilitation and Education of the Veterans Administration from
1946-1969 and in leadership positions with the American College
Personnel Association from 1941-1954, including serving as
president in 1944-1945.
◦ He died on January 30, 1979.
◦ Williamson’s leadership in the field of student counseling and his
scholarly accomplishments were such that many consider him the
leading figure in the founding of the field of counseling
psychology.
 Nature of Human Beings
According to Williamson, 1950
◦Human beings are born with the potential for both good and evil.
◦To become fully human, they must attain enlightened self-control.
◦Humans are rational beings.
◦Human beings need others to achieve the full development of their
humanity.
 Source/s of Difficulty

“The potentiality for evil, when left unchecked or

uncontrolled, can deter someone from becoming fully
human and, thus, cause problems.” (Williamson, 1950)
DIRECTIVE COUNSELING

In this counseling the counselor plays an

active role as it is regarded as a means of
helping others how to learn to solve their
problems. In this type of counseling the
counselor does everything himself that is why it
is called counselor-centered counseling.
 Features of Directive
Counseling
• In directive counseling the attention is focused upon a
particular problem and possibilities for its solution.
• Client make the decision and counselor see whether
the decision keeping with diagnosis.
• It is also called the prescriptive counseling
• The counsel work under the counselor not with him.
 ROLE OF THE
COUNSELOR, SKILLS
AND CHARACTERISTICS
 Role
The role of the counselor is to assist the clients to
develop their full potentials without violating their
right to determine their own life goals. (Williamson,
1963)
he counselor has the duty to motivate resistant
clients who need counseling to maximize their
potentials. (Williamson, 1965)
 Specific role of the counselor to
teach or help individuals to:
◦Learn to understand and accept themselves in terms of
capabilities, aptitudes, and interests;
◦Identify their own motivations and techniques of living and
inform them of their implications or consequences; and
◦Substitute more adequate behavior to achieve desired life
satisfactions that they may have set as their personal goal.
To implement the above, Williamson (1958)
exhorts the counselor to assist the clients in:

◦Obtaining data or providing them with necessary

information;
◦Presenting and discussing alternatives; and
◦Reaching the best choice, decision or solution.
  Skills and Characteristics
(Williamson, 1962)
1.Concern for the values of society, the institution served
and those represented in the goals of counseling;
2.Ability to assist clients to make a hierarchy of values
involved in human existence without unduly or
unreasonably restricting their right to choose;
3.Commitment to the sovereignty of reason;
4.Possession of a sympathetic concern for the affective
development of clients;
  Skills and Characteristics
(Williamson, 1962)
5.Respect for the dignity and worth of human beings;
6.Friendliness and warmth;
7.Treatment of the counselee as an equal; and
8.Ability to balance definiteness and open-mindedness
 Leads and Responses
1.Listening
2.Acceptance
3.Restatement
4.Clarification
5.Interpreting and Translating the Diagnosis
6.Direct Teaching
7.Advising
 Types of Advising:
a.Direct Advising – the counselor’s frank statement of his/her own
opinion especially with tough-minded clients who ask for a frank
opinion or persist in counterproductive behavior.
b.Persuasive Method – the counselor’s marshaling of evidence in a
reasonable and logical way when a definite choice is to be made, to
lead the clients to seethe outcome of alternative actions.
c. Explanatory Method – the counselor’s careful and slow
explanation of diagnostic data and identification of possible
situations that will utilize the client’s potentialities. This involves a
careful and detailed reasoning of the implications of the data.
COUNSELING
PROCESS
Analysis Synthesis Diagnosis Counseling Follow-up
 STEPS OF
COUNSELING
1.Establishing rapport;
2.Cultivating self-understanding;
3.Advising or planning a program of action;
4.Carrying out a plan of action; and
5.Referral to other personnel workers.
 DIRECTIVE
COUNSELING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
◦One of the most misunderstood and probably one of the most rejected
counseling approaches, especially from the 60’s to the early 80’s, is
the Directive Approach.
◦This era when both approaches were introduced (late 50’s to early
60’s) was also an era of the glorious years of American influence in the
Philippines.
◦It was also evident that when it comes to academic and vocational-
occupational problems, counselors, regardless of theoretical
orientation, were prone to using the Directive Approach.
◦The ‘trait-and-factor’ approach usually became fully operational when
handling vocational-operational concerns.

Example: getting responses from elementary school children

◦Because of the very strong American influence, democracy
as an important ideology. Anything that ran counter to it
was looked at disapprovingly.
◦The Directive Approach was seen as breeding dependence
since its clients were not exposed to the dynamics of
independent decision-making and self-responsibility.
◦During those years, students of counseling who believed
that client expectations should be met, also believed that
the Directive Approach was more suitable to the Filipino
client.
MERITS AND
DEMERITS OF
DIRECTIVE
COUNSELING
 Merits of Directive Counseling:
◦Time saving
◦Economic
◦Organized
◦Active participation of counselor
 Demerits of Directive
Counseling:
◦Counselee is dependent
◦Lead to new adjustment problem
◦Attitude doesn’t develop by own experience
◦Client commit mistakes in the future
 THAT’S ALL,
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!