Lecture 4

1. PREPOSITIONS
2. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
3. COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

3.
Lesson One:
Prepositions

A preposition is a part of speech that shows

a relationship between two things.
•Location (on, under, in)
•Timing (before, after, during)
• (in, at, on)
•Direction (from, toward, to)
Lesson One:
Prepositions (cont.)

The mouse is on the table.

Two things: mouse + table

Relationship: one is on the other
On is a preposition!
 Lesson One:
Prepositions (cont.)

The mouse is under the table.

Two things: mouse + table

Relationship: one is under
the other
Under is a preposition!
Test Your Knowledge 1

Which word is a preposition?

The pizza in the oven is mine.

pizza in oven mine

Check the list of prepositions.

Test Your Knowledge 2

Which word is a preposition?

The girl by the door is my sister.

girl by door my

Check the list of prepositions.

Lesson 2:
Prepositional Phrases

Let’s look again at the sentences you practiced

with.
The pizza in the oven is mine.
The girl by the door is my sister.
The runners raced around the track.
Lesson 2:
Prepositional Phrases

in the oven
by the door
around the track

These are prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases

start with a preposition and end with the object of a
preposition.
Test Your Knowledge 4
Identify the
prepositional
phrase.
I sat with my
mom. I sat with

with my

with my mom
Test Your Knowledge 5

Identify the prepositional phrase.

After gym class, we got a drink.

After gym

After gym class

After gym class, we

Lesson three:

• Possessive adjectives: Possessive adjectives are

determiners or pronouns that modify a noun by attributing
possession.
Examples:
• That is my car.
• This is your car.
• This is her notebook.
• This is his pencil.
• These are their seats.
• Possessive pronouns: Possessive pronouns
replaces a noun or
another pronoun. They are used to make a
sentences less repetitive.
Examples:
• That car is mine.
• The book is his.
• The seats are ours.
• The notebook is hers.
Examples: Adjectives and
possessive
adjectives…
• The first sentence is written with adjectives:

• Angela has long, straight, dark hair.

• This second sentence has possessive adjectives:

• My sister left her cell phone inside our dad’s car.

Examples: Nouns and
pronouns…
• Consider this first sentence that is written with nouns
and pronouns:

• Mary was very excited when the famous singer, Ricky Martin
gave her a kiss when she was at his concert.

• This second sentence is written only with nouns:

• Mary was very excited when the famous singer, Ricky Martin
gave Mary a kiss when Mary was at Ricky Martin’s concert.
Categories:

Category Pronouns Example

Possessive my, your, his, her, its, our, My pink jacket.

adjectives their.

Possessive mine, yours, hers, his, its, I think that is yours.

pronouns ours, theirs.
Practice: Choose the correct
answer…
1. That is ours.
• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjective

2. His favorite book is “ Green eggs and Ham”.

• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjective
Practice: Continue…

3. These books are mine, not yours.

• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjectives

4. Brad is their son.

• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjectives
Practice: Continue…

5. The dog is biting its tail.

• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjectives

6. The dog could not find its squeaky toy.

• Possessive pronoun
• Possessive adjectives
 Bibliography:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_adj
ective
• http://www.quia.com/
• http://www.uottawa.ca/
• http://www.wikipedia.org/
COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE
ADJECTIVES
We use the comparative to compare two people,
places or things.

• Short adjective + ER. • Long adjective: MORE +

long adjective
old  older exciting  more exciting
young  younger beautiful  more
• CVC + ER (the final beautiful
consonant is • Irregular adjectives
doubled) good  better
bad  worse
big  bigger
hot  hotter  We use THAN after the
• Short adjective comparative form of the
ended in –Y  -IER adjective.
John is taller than Mary.
easy  easier
A Ferrari is more expensive
heavy  heavier than a Fiat.
Complete the following sentences.
Use the comparative form of the
adjectives in brackets.

1.Tiny is (tall) than Sky.

2.Sky is (good) at basketball than
Tiny.
3.Tiny is (fast) than Sky.
4.Sky is (popular) than Tiny.
5.Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s
feet.
Complete the following sentences. Use the
comparative form of the adjectives in
brackets.

1.Tiny is TALLER than Sky.

2.Sky is BETTER at basketball than Tiny.
3.Tiny is FASTER than Sky.
4.Sky is MORE POPULAR than Tiny.
5.Sky’s feet are BIGGER than Tiny’s feet.
We use the superlative to compare more than two
people, places or things.

• Short adjective + EST. • Long adjective: THE MOST

+ long adjective
old  the oldest exciting  the most
exciting
young  the youngest beautiful  the most
• CVC + EST (the final beautiful
consonant is doubled) • Irregular adjectives
good  the best
big  the biggest bad  the worst
hot  the hottest
 We use THE before the
• Short adjective ended
in –Y  -IEST superlative form of the
adjective.
easy  the easiest
John is the tallest.
heavy  the heaviest
A Ferrari is the most
expensive car .
Complete the following
sentences. Use the
superlative form of the
adjectives in brackets.

1.Al is (short).
2.Ed is (thin).
3.Al is wearing
(colourful) clothes.
4.Ed is (tall).
5.Joe is (smart).
Complete the following
sentences. Use the
superlative form of the
adjectives in brackets.

1.Al is THE SHORTEST.

2.Ed is THE THINNEST.
3.Al is wearing THE
MOST COLOURFUL
clothes.
4.Ed is THE TALLEST.
5.Joe is THE
SMARTEST.