LEGAL CITATIONS

STATUTORY MATERIALS

Carlos Paul Mariano

Shiella Mariz Lapuz
BACKGROUND

 Legal Citations is/are a standard language that allows

one writer to refer to legal authorities with sufficient
precision and generality that others can follow the
references (Martin, 2019).
BACKGROUND

 In legal writing, citations serve two (2) purposes:

1) Attribution – identifies the source of ideas
developed in the text and materials quoted or
referenced therein
2) Support – facilitates support by directing reader to a
specific legal or factual authority in the text.
BACKGROUND

 There are three (3) primary authorities which are

being applied in the Philippine Context:
1) The Philippine Constitution
2) Statutes (including treaties and other int’l instruments)
3) Cases
BACKGROUND

 There are three (3) primary authorities which are

being applied in the Philippine Context:
1) The Philippine Constitution
2) Statutes (including treaties and other int’l instruments)
3) Cases
TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

 Cite the name of the agreement and the exact

date of signature by the Philippines. The
effectivity date or date of entry into force may be
given parenthetically at the end of the citation.
Shorten the title of the cited agreement by
substituting the “with” for “Between the
Republic of the Philippines and”. Give the
source of the text of the treaty.
Example:

 Treaty of Friendship with India, July 11,

1952 (1953), II DFATS 1, 2, P.T.S 797 203
U.N.T.S 73.
PRESIDENTIAL ACTS

 Presidential Acts are cited in the following manner,

giving the source of publication :
 Executive Orders;
 Proclamations;
 Administrative Orders;
 PRESIDENTIAL ACTS

Executive Orders:
 Cite as: Exec. Order No ______ (year):
Example :
Exec. Order 329 (1950)
Proclamations:
 Cite as : Proc. No. _______ (year)
Example :
Proc. No. 789 (1961)

Administrative Orders
 Cite as: Adm. Order No. _____ (year)
Example :
Adm. Order No. 21 (1966)
PRESIDENTIAL ACTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

 General Orders;
 Letters of Instructions;
 Letters of Implementation;
 Letters of Authority;
 Opinions of the Secretary of Justice;
 Administrative Rules and Regulations;
PRESIDENTIAL ACTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

General Orders:
 Cite as: Gen. Order No. _____ (year)
Example :
Gen. Order No. 39 (1972)
Letters of Instructions:
 Cite as : L.O.I. No. _______ (year)
Example :
L.O.I. No. 230 (1972)

Letters of Implementation
 Cite as: L.O. Impl. No. _____ (year)
Example :
L.O. Impl. No. 5 (1972)
Letters of Authority:
 Cite as : L.O.A. No. _______ (year)
Example :
L.O.A. No. 1 (1972)

Opinions of the Secretary of Justice

 Cite as: Sec. of Justice Op. No. ___, s. (year)
Example :
Sec. of Justice Op. No. 271, s. (1982)
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS

 Rules and Regulations promulgated by administrative

agencies are cited by name (where there is an
abbreviation for the agency, use abbreviation or
acronym) together with the designation employed in
the rules (“administrative order”, “order”, “circular”,
“bulletin”, “rules and regulations”, etc.), serial
number, and year of promulgation in parenthesis.
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS

Continuation:

 The designation of the “Rules and Regulations” is

abbreviated as “Rules & Reg” or “Reg” followed by
the reference to section or paragraph. Where the
promulgating agency is a Department, indicate,
where appropriate, the implementing bureau or
office.
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS

Examples:
 DCI (Cooperatives) Adm. 0. No. 1 (1963).
 DNR (Forestry) Adm. 0. No. 25 (1976).
 Labor Employment Services Reg. No. 3 (1966).
GAME TIME!

DAR
 GAME TIME!

Department of Agrarian
Reform
GAME TIME!

DBM
 GAME TIME!

Department of Budget
and Management
GAME TIME!

DECS
 GAME TIME!

Department of Education,
Culture, and Sports
Abbreviations:
Department of: Cite As:
 Agriculture  DA
 Agrarian Reform  DAR
 Budget and Management  DBM
 Education, Culture, and Sports  DECS
 Energy  DOE
 DENR
 Environment and Natural Resources
 DOF
 Finance
 DFA
 Foreign Affairs
 DOH
 Health
 DILG
 Interior and Local Government
 DOJ
 National Defense  DOLE
Abbreviations:
Department of: Cite As:
 Public Works and High Ways  DPWH
 Science and Technology  DOST
 Social Welfare & Development  DSSD
 Tourism  DOT
 Trade and Industry  DTI
 Transportation &  DOTC
Communication
 End
Thank you!!!!