A STUDY ON ACCELERATION

OF UNIVERSE USING ΛCDM

MODEL

PRESENTED BY
VINNY WILSON
THE PRESENT UNIVERSE

Image Credit:Adaptation of original NASA WMAP Science Team

 AN HISTORICAL REVIEW

PTEOLEMY MODEL COPERNICAN MODEL Λ CDM MODEL

 COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE

“UNIVERSE LOOK SAME WHOEVER AND

WHEREVER YOU ARE”
 THIS PRINCIPLE ISN’T EXACT.
 COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE IS A KIND OF APPROXIMATION,
BETTER AND BETTER FOR LARGER SCALES.
 IT IS A PROPERTY OF “GLOBAL UNIVERSE”, BREAKDOWN FOR
THE “LOCAL PHENOMENA”.

BIG BANG COSMOLOGY

 HOMOGENITY AND ISOTROPY

 HOMOGENITY: UNIVERSE LOOKS THE SAME AT EACH

POINT
 ISOTROPY: UNIVERSE LOOK SAME IN ALL
DIRECTIONS
 THEY DO NOT IMPLY ONE ANOTHER
 COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE ISN’T EXACT.SO OUR UNIVERSE
DOESN’T RESPECT EXACT HOMOGENITY AND ISOTROPY
 GEOMETRY OF UNIVERSE

CURVATURE GEOMETRY ANGLES OF CIRCUMFERENC TYPE OF

TRIANGLES E OF CIRCLE UNIVERSE

K>0 SPHERICAL >180° C<2ПR CLOSED

K=0 FLAT =180° C=2ПR FLAT

K>0 HYPERBOLIC <180° C>2ПR OPEN

 EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE

Image credit : www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/the-big-bang

 FRIEDMANN EQUATION

  
 SCALE FACTOR OF THE UNIVERSE

  
 HUBBLE LAW

  
 FLUID EQUATION

  
ACCELERATION EQUATION

  
 HOW MATTER AND RADIATION
AFFECTS THE EXPANSION?
  
 RADIATION OR MATTER?

  

Image credit: An Introduction to modern Cosmology, Andrew Liddle

 EVIDENCE OF EXPANSION

  

Image credit: An Introduction to modern Cosmology, Andrew Liddle

 OBSERVATIONAL PARAMETERS

  
  

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  
 WHAT IS A ΛCDM MODEL?

  

Its not what shines in light, but what hides in dark hold the true secrets of Universe
 WHY ΛCDM MODEL?

IT IS FREQUENTLY REFERRED AS THE STANDARD MODEL OF

THE BIG BANG COSMOLOGY BECAUSE IT S SIMPLEST MODEL
THAT PROVIDES A REASONABLY GOOD ACCOUNT FOR
FOLLOWING PROPERTIES OF UNIVERSE
 THE EXISTANCE AND STRUCTURE OF THE COSMIC
MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
 LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE IN DISTRIBUTION OF
GALAXIES
 ABUNDANCE OF HYDROGEN, HELIUM AND LITHIUM
 THE ACCELERATING EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE
OBSERVED IN THE LIGHT FROM DISTANT GALAXIES AND
SUPERNOVEA
 INTRODUCTION OF Λ

  
 SOLVING FRIEDMANN EQUATION
WITH COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

  
 ANALYSING THE SOLUTION:CASE 1.
FOR TIME TENDS TO ZERO

  
 ANALYSING THE SOLUTION:CASE 1.
FOR TIME TENDS TO INFINITY

  
 INFERENCES FROM ASSYMPTOTIC
LIMITS

  
 CALCULATION OF HUBBLE
PARAMETER

  
 CALCULATION OF HUBBLE
PARAMETER FROM THE ASYMPTOTIC
SCALE FACTOR
  
 WHEN a(t→∞)

  
 CALCULATIONS OF DECELERATION
PARAMETER

  
 
 CALCULATION OF TRANSITION TIME

  
 PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE
DECELERATION PARAMETER USING
PYTHON
  
 GRAPH PLOTTED USING PYTHON
 

 
For large set of Data, generated from above Equation
 RELATION BETWEEN DISTANCE
MODULUS AND REDSHIFT

  
 

  
 ASYMPTOTIC LIMITS TO ‘a’

