Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
Chapter 2
Lecture 2
Review of Lecture 1
Definition of Conversion, X
Develop the Design Equations in terms of X
Size CSTRs and PFRs given –rA= f(X)
Conversion for Reactors in Series
Review the Fall of the Tower of CRE
2
Reactor
Review Mole Balances
Lecture 1
Summary
The GMBE applied to the four major reactor types
(and the general reaction AB)
Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral
NA NA
dN A
Batch dN A
rAV t
dt rV
N A0 A
t
CSTR FA 0 FA
V
rA FA
FA
dFA dFA
PFR
dV
rA V
FA 0
drA
V
FA
dFA FA
dFA
PBR
dW
rA W
FA 0
rA
3
W
Review Lecture 1
CSTR – Example Problem
Given the following information, Find V
3
0 10 dm 3
min 0 10 dm
C A0 min
V ? C A 0.1C A0
FA0 0C A0
FA C A
Liquid phase
0
FA 0CA
4
Review Lecture 1
CSTR – Example Problem
(1) Mole Balance:
FA0 FA 0C A0 0C A 0 C A0 C A
V
rA rA rA
(3) Stoichiometry:
FA FA
CA
0
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Review Lecture 1
CSTR – Example Problem
(4) Combine:
0 CA 0 CA
V
kC A
(5) Evaluate:
C A 0.1C A0
10dm 3
C A0 0.1C A0 101 0.1
V min dm 3
Define conversion, X
Consider the generic reaction:
a AbB c C d D
Define conversion, X
moles A reacted
X
moles A fed
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Chapter 2
Batch
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Chapter 2
Batch
dN A rAV t 0 X 0
dt N A0 t t X X
Integrating,
X
dX
t N A0
0
rAV
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Chapter 2
CSTR
Consider the generic reaction:
a AbB c C d D
Define conversion, X
moles A reacted
X
moles A fed
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Chapter 2
CSTR
Steady State dN A
0
dt
FA 0 FA
Well Mixed V
rA
r dV r V
A A
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Chapter 2
CSTR
Moles A Moles A Moles A
leaving entering reacted
FA FA0 FA0 X
FA0 FA rA dV 0
FA 0 FA 0 FA 0 X
V
rA
FA0 X
V
rA
CSTR volume necessary to achieve conversion X.
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Chapter 2
PFR
dFA
rA
dV
FA FA0 FA0 X
PFR
V 0 X 0
V V X X
Integrating,
X
FA0
V dX
0
rA
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Reactor Mole Balances Chapter 2
Summary
in terms of conversion, X
Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral
X
X
dX
Batch N A0
dX
r AV t N A0
dt 0
rAV
t
FA 0 X
CSTR V
rA
X
dX FA0 dX
PFR FA 0 rA V
dV 0
rA
X
X
dX FA0 dX
PBR
FA 0 rA W
15 dW 0
rA
W
Chapter 2
Levenspiel Plots
Reactor Sizing
Given –rA as a function of conversion, -rA= f(X), one
can size any type of reactor. We do this by
constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either
(FA0/-rA) or (1/-rA) as a function of X. For (FA0/-rA) vs.
X, the volume of a CSTR and the volume of a PFR
can be represented as the shaded areas in the
Levenspiel Plots shown as:
FA0
g(X )
rA
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Chapter 2
Levenspiel Plots
FA 0
rA
X
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Chapter 2
CSTR
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Chapter 2
PFR
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Chapter 2
Levenspiel Plots
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Chapter 2
Reactors in Series
Given: rA as a function of conversion, one can also
design any sequence of reactors in series by defining
X:
total moles of A reacted up to point i
Xi
moles of A fed to first reactor
Reactors in Series
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Chapter 2
Reactors in Series
Reactor 1:
FA1 FA0 FA0 X 1
FA 0 V1
rA
24 X1 X
Chapter 2
Reactors in Series
Reactor 2:
X2
FA0
V2 dX
X1
rA
FA0 V2
rA
X1 X2
25 X
Reactors in Series
Reactor 3:
FA 2 FA3 rA3V3 0
FA0 FA0 X 2 FA0 FA0 X 3 rA3V3 0
FA 0 X 3 X 2
V3
rA 3
V3
FA 0
rA
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X1 X X2 X3
Reactors in Series
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Chapter 2
Reactors in Series
Space time τ is the time necessary to process 1
reactor volume of fluid at entrance conditions.
V
0
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Chapter 2
KEEPING UP
The tower of CRE, is it stable?
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Algorithm
Reaction Engineering
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Algorithm
Heat Effects
Isothermal Design
Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
CRE
Algorithm
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Algorithm
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
Heat Effects
Isothermal Design
Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
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