DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VARIOUS UNITS OF CNS

done at
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Name:-
Shreya Srivastava
ECE-B(7th SEM)
(1609731097)
CONTENTS:-

• Introduction
• Learning Outcome of Week 1 ( communication,navigation and surveillance)
• Learning Outcome of Week 2( Dedicated satellite communication networks)
• Learning Outcome of Week 3(VHF and security equipments)
• Learning Outcome of Week 4( C-OPS and A-SMGCS)
• Conclusion
• References
INTRODUCTION:-
• Airports Authority of India (AAI) is responsible for creating, upgrading,
maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure both  on the ground and
air space in the country.
• Planning, procurement and commissioning of all Communication, Navigation
& Surveillance (CNS) facililties is done.
• Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and
domestic airports is a major part.
• It focuses on Construction, Modification and Management of passenger
terminals.
• It also manages a total of 126 Airports, including 11 International Airports, 11 
Customs Airports, 89 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil enclaves at Military
Airfields.
COTINUED..

• It gives provision of passenger facilities and information system at the

passenger terminals at airports.
• There is also provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS,
DVOR, DME, Radar etc.
Learning Outcome of Week 1: About Various units of CNS

• Communication, Navigation and Surveillance are three main functions which

constitute the foundation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) infrastructure.
• Communication is the exchange of voice and data information between the
pilot and air traffic controllers or flight information centre.
• Navigation element Of CNS/ATM Systems is meant to provide Accurate, Reliable
And Seamless Position Determination Capability to aircrafts.
• Surveillance mainly comprises of the A-SMGCS unit which makes use of various
equipments in order to keep a check on the proper functioning of the airport.
Learning Outcome of Week 2:Dedicated-Satellite
communication network
•DSCN is a wireless media for transferring useful data among airports and between
ATC and pilot.
•Satellite communication have an important role to play in the air traffic control,
both as a means to adequately cover the oceanic airspace, as well as a suitable
complement for the high traffic density, continental airspace.
•It is operated/monitored with the help of Network Management System (NMS)
and Spectrum Analyzer (satellite beacon).
•The satellite frequency bands which are commonly used for communication are the
C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. C-band and Ku-band are the commonly used
frequency spectrums by today's satellites.
•In AAI, C band is the main band employed for satellite communication whose
frequency ranges from 4-8GHz.
Learning Outcome of Week 2 :COTINUED..

• The C-band employees a varying frequency range so using either FDMA or

TDMA was not sufficient to meet the high requirements of the ATS
management.
• Every band of frequency was not available for the AAI to use at distinct time
slots. In order to overcome this problem, AAI uses MFTDMA (Multi
frequency time division multiple access). MFTDMA is a scheme where
multiple frequencies can be operated during the same time slot.
Learning Outcome of Week 3:VHF and Security
equipments
• The VHF (very high frequency) range of the radio spectrum is the band extending from 30
MHz to 300 MHz.
• In the VHF band, electromagnetic fields are affected by the earth's ionosphere and
troposphere.
• The VHF band is popular for mobile two-way radio communication. A great deal of satellite
communication and broadcasting is done at VHF.
• The CNS works at 122.3 MHz and uses components made of two companies PAE and OTE.
• The main component of VHF is VCCS which controls and connects together various voice
communication systems used for Air Traffic Management.
• It works on various IT protocols customized for each set of facility.
• It also provides an internetworked chain & backbone for numerous interfaces acting as an
exchange for all the interfaces put together.
Learning Outcome of Week 3: COTINUED..

• Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect
passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from accidental/malicious harm,
crime, and other threats . 
• There are physical checkpoints, baggage scanners and metal detectors everywhere
at the AAI.
• Keeping in mind that AAI is one of the busiest hubs, its security is of utmost
concerns.
• There are 5 important security equipments that are used by the AAI extensively
across the globe.
• Door frame metal detectors are used in airports as one of the first and very basic
levels of a security check, mainly to find weapons like daggers, guns, knives etc.
Learning outcome of Week 3: Continued..

• Hand Held Metal Detectors are used for detecting ferrous, non ferrous
and stainless steel objects carried by people.
• Luggage scanners use the X-rays in order to differentiate between
various types of materials.
• Explosive trace detectors are used for the detection of explosives.
Learning Outcome of Week 4: COPS and A-SMGCS
• COPS are defined as power systems for facilities or parts of facilities that
require continuous operation for the reasons of public safety, emergency
management, national security, or business.
• In Airport Authority of India, Delhi, the COP system consists of 6 UPS and each
UPS is connected to 6 battery setup and each battery setup is connected to 38
cells.
• Every cell has a sensors attached to them which collects the information about
the cell‘s voltage supply, current supply, resistance and temperature.
• All these data are sent to server through Battery Monitoring System(BMS) and
RDU.
• Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) and Standby Power Supply Systems are
used in applications where loss of the mains supply could be disastrous.
Learning Outcome of Week 4 :COTINUED..
• The UPS can be on-line or off- line. Both systems use a d.c. link inverter with a battery bank and
trickle-charger.
• AAI employes online UPS so that the and systems do not shut down and continuous functioning
can be done.
• Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) comprises of a
combination of systems that provides Services to aircraft and 3vehicles in order to maintain airport
throughput.
• The A-SMGCS is a modular system consisting of different functionalities to support the safe,
orderly and expeditious movement of aircraft and vehicles on aerodromes under all circumstances.
• Multilateration is a proven technology that has been in use for many decades developed for
military purposes to accurately locate aircraft using a method known as Time Difference of
Arrival (TDOA).
• It employs a number of ground stations, which are placed in strategic locations around an airport,
its local terminal area or a wider area that covers the larger surrounding airspace.
 Learning Outcome of Week 4 :Continued

• It is a localization technique based on measuring the difference of the

distances between the robot and landmarks.
• Surface movement radar (SMR) is used to detect aircraft and vehicles
on the surface of an airport. It is used by air traffic controllers to
supplement visual observations.
• It may also be used at night time and during low visibility to monitor
the movement of aircraft and vehicles.
• SMR is required to provide high accuracy (typically 7.5 m), high
update rate (1 per second), high resolution (less than 20 m) detection
of airfield targets.
• SMR monitors the movement of aircraft and vehicles on the
manoeuvring area.
 Learning Outcome of Week 4 :COTINUED..
• It provides routing information to pilots and vehicle drivers as
necessary.
• It provides advice and assistance for the safe and efficient movement
of aircraft and vehicles on the runway .
CONCLUSION:-

• It presented us an opportunity to learn abot the various units that are being
operated at the AAI.
• We get to see the different equipments that are being used for performing
different.
• We were able to access all the backend functionalities which operates one of
the biggest organisation around the globe.
• The CNS is the main factor that performs all the functions of the AAI.
REFERENCES:-

1. https://www.aai.aero/en/services/air-traffic-management
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India

3. http://dgca.nic.in/nat_conv/NatConv_Chap6.pdf

4.
www.geospatialworld.net/article/communication-navigation-surveillance-air- traffic-management-c
ns-atm-beyond-2012
/

5. http://www.intelsat.com/tools-resources/library/satellite-101/satellite-sun- interference/

6. https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Surface_Movement_Radar

7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/multilateration
THANK YOU