CONTEXT IN

TEXT
DEVELOPMENT
READING &
WRITING
CONTEXT IN TEXT 2

DEVELOPMENT
Being a reader also involves understanding that
texts are always developed with a certain context.
A text is neither written nor read in a vacuum; its
meaning and interpretation are affected by a given
set of circumstances.

Thus, CONTEXT is defined as the social,

cultural, political, historical, and other related
circumstances that surround the text and from the
terms from which it can be better understood and
evaluated
I. Intertext or
Intertextuality
a. Obligatory Intertextuality
b. Optional Intertextuality
c. Accidental Intertextuality
II. Hypertext or
Hypertextual
I. Intertext or
Intertextuality
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Intertext or Intertextuality
Intertextuality is the modeling of a text’s
meaning by another text. It is defined as the
connections between language, images,
characters, themes, or subjects depending on their
similarities in language, genre, or discourse.

The function and effectiveness of intertextuality

can often depend quite a bit on the reader’s prior
knowledge and understanding before reading the
secondary text
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Intertext or Intertextuality
The definition of intertextuality was created
by the French semiotician Julia Kristeva in the
1960s. She created the term from the Latin word
intertexto, which means “to intermingle while
weaving.” Kristeva argued that all works of
literature being produced contemporarily are
intertextual with the works that came before it

Any text can be considered a work of

intertextuality because it builds on the
structures that existed before it.
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Intertext or Intertextuality
Another definition of Intertextuality is that it is
a literary discourse strategy (Gadavanij, n.d.)
utilized by writers in novels, poetry, theatre and
even in non-written texts (such as performances
and digital media).

Intertextuality does not require citing or

referencing punctuation (such as quotation marks)
and is often mistaken for plagiarism (Ivanic, 1998).
 8

Intertext or Intertextuality
Function of Intertextuality
A majority of writers borrow ideas from
previous works to give a layer of meaning to their
own works. Since readers take influence from
other texts, and while reading new texts they sift
through archives, this device gives them relevance
and clarifies their understanding of the new texts.

The Importance of Intertextuality

Intertextuality shows how much a culture can
influence its authors, even as the authors in turn
 9

Intertext or Intertextuality
Examples of Intertextuality
• Allusion
• Quotation
• Calque
• Plagiarism
• Translation
• Pastiche
• Parody
Intertext or Intertextuality | 10

Three types
Obligatory Intertextuality - is when the writer
deliberately involves a comparison or association
between two or more text.
Optional Intertextuality
- has a less vital important on the significance of
the hyperlinks. It is impossible, but not essential
relationship that if, the connection will slightly
shift the understanding of the text.
- the intent of the writer when sing optional
intertextuality is to play homage to the original
writer.
Intertext or Intertextuality | 11

Three types
Obligatory Intertextuality
• Understanding requires knowledge of the prior
text

Optional Intertextuality
• Relationship to prior text exists but is not
essential

Accidental Intertextuality
• No intention of intertextual relationship
Intertext or Intertextuality | 12

Three types
Obligatory Intertextuality
• Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Are Dead & Shakespeare’s Hamlet
• Joyce’s Ulysses & Homer’s Odyssey
• Fan Fiction
Optional Intertextuality
• Harry Potter series & Lord of the Rings trilogy
Accidental Intertextuality
• Melville’s ‘Moby Dick’ & Bibilcal allegory Jonah
and the Whale
II. Hypertext or
Hypertextual
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Hypertext or Hypertextual
Hypertext, therefore, is a nonlinear way of
showing information. Hypertext connects topics on
a screen to related information, graphics, videos,
and music—information is not simply related to the
text. This information appears as links and is
usually accessed by clicking. The reader can jump
to more information about a topic, which in turn
may have more links. This opens up the reader to
a wider horizon of information or to a new
direction.
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Hypertext or Hypertextual
This information appears as links and is usually
accessed by clicking. The reader can jump to more
information about a topic, which in turn may have
more links.

This opens up the reader to a wider horizon of

information to a new direction.
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Hypertext or Hypertextual
A reader can skim through sections of a text,
freely jumping from one part to another depending
on what aspect of the text interests him/her. Thus,
in reading with hypertext, you are given more
flexibility and personalization because you get to
select the order in which you read the text and
focus on information that is relevant to your
background and interests.
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Hypertext or Hypertextual

Why use HYPERTEXT?

Because in general, humans learn

better associatively.
ACTI 18

VITY
!

Hey! It’s activity

time!
Quiz : 10 items
 19

QUIZ!
1. A group of ideas put together to make a point
or one central idea
2. Everything around the text
3. She created the term from the Latin word
“intertexto”
4. Relationship to prior text exists but is not
essential
5. Text which contains links to other text
6. No intention of intertextual relationship
7. Text’s relation with other text
8. Understanding requires knowledge of the prior
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
Angelo Julius Nuque
| ICT 101