03311840000010 The sun and atmosphere drive directly or indirectly almost all dynamical processes in the ocean. The dominat external sources and sinks of energy sre sunlight, evaporation, infrared emissions from the sea surface, and sensible heating of the sea by warm and cold winds. The ocean, in turn, is the dominant source of heat that drives the atmospheric circulation. Because the atmosphere drives the ocean, and the ocean drives the atmosphere, we must consider the ocean and the atmosphere as a coupled dynamic system. Agenda Style 1 The earth in space
2 Atmospheric wind system
3 The planetary boundary layer
4 The important concept
The earth in s pace The face of Earth changes all the time. Swirling cloud systems run along ill-defined latitudinal tracks, more or less symmetrical about the equator. In the bands adjacent to the equator the motion is to the west, opposite to the sense of the overall rotation. In mid-latitudes, halfway between equator and poles, the motion is to the east, in the same sense as the rotation of the planet. The reason is simple: eastward motion of the planet's surface is fastest at the equator (40,000 km in 24 hours). When air parcels arrive from higher latitudes, they tend to lag behind this motion, coming from a region that moves less rapidly toward the east. This lag results in westward motion relative to the surface. Conversely, air parcels moving away from the equator will tend to get ahead of the local motion. Thus, they move eastward relative to the surface. The exchange of air masses between low and high latitudes results from winds set up by unequal solar heating. As the Earth rotates on its schedule of once every 23 hours and 56 minutes (as seen against the stars), different landmasses come into view. Atmospheric wind system The map shows strong winds from the west between 40 to 60 latitude, the roaring forties, weak winds in the subtropicd near 30 latitude, trade winds from the east in thetropics, and weaker wnds from the east along te equator. The strength and direction of winds in the atmosphere is the result of uneven distribuition of solar heating and continental land masses and the circulation of winds in a vertical plane in the atmosphere The planetary boundary layer The atmospere within 100 m of the sea surface is influenced by the turbulent drag of wind on the sea and the fluxes of heat though the surface. This is named atmospheric boundaruy layer Important concept Insert the title of your subtitle Here
01 02
01 Sunlight is the primary energy source driving the
atmosphere and ocean 60% 50%
02 There is boundary layer at the bottom of the
atmosphere where wind speed decreases with as the bpundary is approached, and in which fluxes of heat and momentum are constant in the lower 10-20 m 03 04
03 Wind is measured many different ways. The most
common until 1995 was from observations made at sea the Beaufort force of the wind 80% 40%
04 The flux of momentum from the atmospere to the
ocean. The wind strees, is located from wind speed using a drag coefficient. Thank you Insert the title of your subtitle Here
(RILEM Proceedings 30) Pigeon, Michel_ Marchand, J._ Setzer, M-Freeze-thaw Durability of Concrete _ Proceedings of the International Workshop in the Resistance of Concrete to Scaling Due to Freezing i (1)