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Atmospheric Influences

ELVIRA ROSA MEGARANI


03311840000010
The sun and atmosphere drive directly or indirectly almost all
dynamical processes in the ocean. The dominat external sources
and sinks of energy sre sunlight, evaporation, infrared emissions
from the sea surface, and sensible heating of the sea by warm and
cold winds. The ocean, in turn, is the dominant source of heat that
drives the atmospheric circulation. Because the atmosphere drives
the ocean, and the ocean drives the atmosphere, we must
consider the ocean and the atmosphere as a coupled dynamic
system.
Agenda Style
1 The earth in space

2 Atmospheric wind system

3 The planetary boundary layer

4 The important concept


The earth in s
pace
The face of Earth changes all the time. Swirling cloud systems run along ill-defined latitudinal
tracks, more or less symmetrical about the equator. In the bands adjacent to the equator the motion
is to the west, opposite to the sense of the overall rotation. In mid-latitudes, halfway between
equator and poles, the motion is to the east, in the same sense as the rotation of the planet. The
reason is simple: eastward motion of the planet's surface is fastest at the equator (40,000 km in 24
hours). When air parcels arrive from higher latitudes, they tend to lag behind this motion, coming
from a region that moves less rapidly toward the east. This lag results in westward motion relative
to the surface. Conversely, air parcels moving away from the equator will tend to get ahead of the
local motion. Thus, they move eastward relative to the surface. The exchange of air masses
between low and high latitudes results from winds set up by unequal solar heating. As the Earth
rotates on its schedule of once every 23 hours and 56 minutes (as seen against the stars), different
landmasses come into view.
Atmospheric wind system
The map shows strong winds
from the west between 40 to 60
latitude, the roaring forties, weak
winds in the subtropicd near 30
latitude, trade winds from the east
in thetropics, and weaker wnds
from the east along te equator.
The strength and direction of
winds in the atmosphere is the
result of uneven distribuition of
solar heating and continental land
masses and the circulation of
winds in a vertical plane in the
atmosphere
The planetary boundary layer
The atmospere within 100 m of the sea
surface is influenced by the turbulent
drag of wind on the sea and the fluxes
of heat though the surface. This is
named atmospheric boundaruy layer
Important concept
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01 02

01 Sunlight is the primary energy source driving the


atmosphere and ocean
60% 50%

02 There is boundary layer at the bottom of the


atmosphere where wind speed decreases with
as the bpundary is approached, and in which
fluxes of heat and momentum are constant in the
lower 10-20 m 03 04

03 Wind is measured many different ways. The most


common until 1995 was from observations made
at sea the Beaufort force of the wind
80% 40%

04 The flux of momentum from the atmospere to the


ocean. The wind strees, is located from wind
speed using a drag coefficient.
Thank you
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